보이는 것에 눈먼 상담사: 목회상담 방법론의 시도

Abstract

Counselors may ignore significance of the invisible in counseling because they may be bound to the visible. This ignorance may lead to inappropriate counseling or to jeopardy of the counseling processes. Therefore, counselors should acknowledge interrelatedness of the visible and the invisible and attempt to explore their interaction for the sake of better counseling. Before exploring methods to enhance counseling, this paper attempts to reply to a fundamental question, 󰡒What is a method?󰡓 The following four items can be suggested as methods: 1. technique, 2. training course, 3. interdisciplinary dialogue, 4. pastoral theological process. This paper emphasizes the significance of pastoral theological process as a method for pastoral counselors. Theologian Theodore Jennings' idea of pastoral theological methodology is used to explore the pastoral theological process as a method. Theodore Jennings suggests three pastoral theological methods that can be applied in the counseling context: first order religious language, second order religious language, and third order reflection. Among them, third order reflection is intended to help counselors and counselees to acknowledge the invisible and to encourage them to struggle with both. Reflexivity and sense of agency are suggested as counseling techniques that help counselees to face and struggle with problems for the sake of human growth and welfare. This article remarks that four methods (technique, training course, interdisciplinary dialogue, and pastoral theological process) are deeply interrelated while still unique from each other. This article concludes with Jenning's explanation that three of these methods Jare to be applied together without ignoring any of them.