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성적학대 희생자들의 트라우마와 영성

Trauma and Spirituality of Victims of Sexual Abuse

여한구|노바울
한국목회상담학회 (The Korean Society for Pastoral Care and Counseling)|2017.11|목회와상담 (The Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling)|제29권 |pp. 334-361|DOI 10.23905/kspcc.29..201711.011

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키워드

PTSD외상후스트레스장애Trauma트라우마영성Spirituality성적학대Sexual Abuse목회상담Pastoral Counseling

초록

본 연구는 성적학대 희생자들의 상처(trauma)와 영성에 대한 목회상담학적 연구로 성적학대로 고통을 겪는 피해자들의 상처를 보듬고 심리적, 영적 회복과 치유에 대한 목회상담적 접근에 대한 것이다. 성적학대 희생자들은 대부분 외상후스트레스장애(PTSD) 증상을 겪게 되며, 트라우마적 사건으로 인해 지속적인 심리적, 육체적 고통을 받는다. 성적 트라우마는 피해자는 물론이고 그 가족과 주변인들에게도 부정적 영향을 끼친다. 성적 트라우마를 가진 내담자들은 성적학대와 그 원인들에 관한 영적 문제들과 연관된 이슈들로 인해 고통을 받는다. 영적 믿음과 인식들에 따라 그 상황과 고통을 다르게 해석할 수 있으며, 분노와 하나님에 대한 불신과 같은 부정적 감정들을 갖기도 한다. 성적 트라우마 희생자들은 자신의 대응자원에 따라 문제 극복을 위해 노력하게 되는데, 대응자원 가운데 영성은 중요한 대응체계와 회복에 중요하다. 성장과 치유를 위해 영적 지지와 접근을 통해 유익을 얻을 수 있는데, 목회상담사는 성적 트라우마가 있는 내담자들의 심리 문제와 영적 고민에 실제적 대처를 하도록 도와줄 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 치료과정에서 다루어야 할 영적 주제들과 치료방법을 정리하였다. 목회상담사는 성적학대 희생자들에게 대한 고통에 대해 보다 심층적인 영적 접근 방법들의 장점과 한계를 인식해야 할 필요가 있다. 나아가 목회상담사는 적극적으로 심리적 문제와 영적혼란에 대처하도록 준비되어져야 한다. 본 연구가 원론적 제시를 한다는 한계에도 불구하고, 성적학대 희생자들에 대한 이해와 목회상담적 접근필요성을 제시한다는 의의가 있다.

Abstract

This study focuses on the trauma and spirituality of victims of sexual abuse in terms of pastoral counseling. The purpose of this study is to examine the pastoral counseling approach to the victims of sexual abuse that focuses on spiritual healing and recovery from sexual trauma. Many victims of sexual abuse report symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and suffer from psychological and physical problems after their traumatic incidents. Sexual trauma may affect a person’s spirituality either positively or negatively. Individuals with sexual trauma struggle to overcome the problems according to their coping resources. Among these resources, spirituality of victims is associated with their coping mechanisms and recovery. Clients with sexual trauma struggle with spiritual questions and issues regarding their sexual abuse and the causes of sexual abuse. They may interpret their situation and pain differently according to their spiritual beliefs and cognitions, and may have negative feelings, such as anger and distrust toward God. However, at the same time, they can benefit from spiritual support or a spiritual approach for growth and healing. Pastoral counselors should be prepared to help clients with sexual trauma cope well with their psychological problems and spiritual struggle. In this regard, this study discusses spiritual issues and spiritual interventions during treatment. Pastoral counselors should have knowledge of a spiritual approach and specific interventions for the victims of sexual abuse at a deeper level and be aware of the strengths and the limitations of the treatments. Although this study provides limited theoretical principles, it is noteworthy that it expands understanding of sexual trauma victims and emphasizes the necessity of the pastoral counseling approach.

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