EU 집행위원회에 의해 제안된 「유럽 공통매매법에 관한 규칙」
The Proposed Regulation on a Common European Sales Law by the European Commission
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EU의 법안의 입안과 이행을 담당하는 EU 집행위원회(European Commission. 「유럽위원회」로도칭해지지만, 이하 「집행위원회」라고 한다)는 2011년 10월 11일 유럽 공통매매법에 관한 규칙을 위한 제안을 공표하였다. 유럽 공통매매법에 관한 규칙(이하, 「매매법 규칙」이라고 한다)이 제정되면, 특히 국경을 넘는 사업자와 소비자의 거래관계에 적용 가능한 규범으로서 혁신적이면서 유럽법상 전례가 없는 메커니즘을 도입하게 된다. 집행위원회는 국내법 차원에서 완전히 평준화된 전 유럽적인 매매법, 즉유럽 공통의 매매법을 제정하는 것을 기도하고있다. 이는 기존의 국내 매매법에 대한 대안으로임의적이고 병렬적인 국내 매매법 체제를 구축하고자 하는 것이다. 같은 날 발행된 집행위원회 제안에 관한 홍보용 설명서에 의하면, 매매법 규칙은 섭외 거래에있어서 다양한 국내 매매법의 존재에 의해 발생하게 되는 「장애를 제거함으로써」, 「사업자에 대해시장을 개방하고, 소비자에 대해 보다 많은 선택과 높은 수준의 보호를 제공하는」 것이라고 하고있다. 집행위원회는 매매법 규칙의 적용 대상인두 그룹, 즉 섭외 거래를 원하는 사업자와 보다많은 상품이 보다 저렴하게 제공됨으로써 이익을받게 될 소비자 양자에게 이익이 될 것으로 기대하고 있다. 본고는 매매법 규칙(및 그에 담겨 있는 공통매매법 규정)의 분석을 위해 사전적 작업을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이하에서는, 먼저, 매매법 규칙의 제안 배경(Ⅱ)과 집행위원회의 제안의 이유와 목적을 개관한다(Ⅲ). 그 다음, 매매법 규칙의 내용을 소개하고, 그 특징을 강조하면서 그 규범적인틀을 살펴본다(Ⅳ). 그리고 제안된 통일매매법의법적 성질에 대한 논의를 살펴보고(Ⅴ), 이어서매매법 규칙에 대한 분석 및 유럽에서의 평가를쟁점별로 정리하고(Ⅵ), 집행위원회의 제안 이후의, 특히 유럽의회에서의 전개를 정리한다(Ⅶ). 본고는 제안된 유럽의 공통매매법 규칙을 이해하고자 한다는 점에 주안점을 둔다. 따라서 이 제안에 대한 [비판적] 평가도 비유럽 국가에서 이 제도를 이해하고자 하는 시각 하에서, 그리고 그에도움이 되는 한도에서 다룬다.
Abstract
This article gives an account for outline of Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law by European Commission in October of 2011. It has further intensified the long running debate on the interplay between European sales and consumer law. The Regulation on a Common European Sales Law(CESL), if and once adopted, would introduce an innovative and so far unique European mechanism that is inter alia applicable to cross-border business-to-consumer(B2C) sales relationships. The Commission intends to install a fully harmonized pan-European sales law at the national level, the Common European Sales Law, which would establish a voluntary and parallel national sales law regime as an alternative to already existing national sales law rules. According to an accompanying press release of the same date, the Sales Law Regulation is considered to “open markets for businesses and give consumers more choice and a high level of protection” in cross-border transactions, “breaking down …… barriers” which are believed to be caused by the existence of diverse national sales laws. The Commission hopes that the Sales Law Regulation would benefit both target groups: usinesses which want to trade across borders and consumers who should profit from a wider range of products offered at lower prices. The paper starts by highlighting the major steps which led to the adoption of the Sales Law Regulation, its background and Grounds for and objectives of the proposal. The paper continues with an introduction of the Sales Law Regulation and its Basic Structure, regulatory framework highlighting some of its unique features. An important feature of the Sales Law Regulation is to be seen in its scope of personal application. And the paper focused on the question of the legal nature of the proposed CESL. It concludes with a brief analysis of some highlights of the Sales Law Regulation. This proposal is facing strong criticism from many scholars in various countries of Europe for many theoretical problems at present. But it is sure that some unification of contract law will be realized in the near future in the enthusiastic atmosphare of harmonization. To grasp the state of controversy and see how matters stand seems to be important for us, too. A trend of harmonization in the field of contract law in EU is not limited to the regional unification but probably have a tremendous impact on a global scale.
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