난민아동의 교육받을 권리에 대한 연구
A Study on the Right to Education for Refugee Children
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초록
난민아동에게 교육은 개인의 존엄성 회복, 발달의 촉진, 사회통합 도모 등의 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 하지만 일반아동과 비교했을 때 난민아동이 교육을 받는 실제 비율은 높지 않다. 난민아동 및 그 부모들 또한 교육을 받는 과정에서 현실적 어려움들을 호소한 바 있다. 이에 본 논문은 우선 난민아동의 개념과 교육받을 권리의 내용 및 보장 필요성을 검토하고, 사회권 규약, 아동권리협약, 난민지위협약 등의 국제인권조약을 중심으로 난민아동의 교육받을 권리에 대한 국제적 합의를 고찰한다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 우리 헌법, 난민법, 교육기본법 및 초ㆍ중등교육법과 그 시행령의 내용을 바탕으로 난민아동의 교육받을 권리 보장에 대한 국내 이행 상황을 검토한다. 나 아가, 국내 입법에 내재된 관련 한계를 분석하고, 난민아동의 교육받을 권리에 대한 보다 안정적인 보 장을 위하여 일관성 있는 조항의 개정 및 모든 아동을 권리 보장의 주체로 적시한 명시적 입법을 제언한다. 교육이 가지는 의의와 아동 최선의 이익 원칙을 고려했을 때, 최소한 초등교육은 모든 아동에게 의무적으로 그리고 무상으로 제공되어야 함이 마땅하다. 난민아동은 박해의 두려움과 본국으로 돌아갈 수 없다는 특수성으로 인하여 그 취약성이 가중된다는 점에서 그 권리의 보장을 별도로 세심하게 논의할 필요가 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 난민아동의 교육받을 권리에 대한 국내 이행이 국제적 합의에 보다 부합하는 방향으로 나아가기를 기대한다.
Abstract
In terms of restoring dignity, promoting development, and facilitating social integration, education is crucial for refugee children. However, compared to other children, refugee children do not have a high rate of access to education. The study begins by looking into the concept of refugee children, the content of the right to education, and the need to ensure it. It also emphasizes the importance of the right to education for refugee children by reviewing the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. On this basis, it examines the domestic implementation of the right to education for refugee children in South Korea, including the Constitution, the Refugee Act, the Framework Act on Education, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and its enforcement decrees. It also analyses the limitations inherent in the implementation and recommends explicit provisions in the legislation to better guarantee the right to education for refugee children. Given the importance of education and the principle of the best interests of the child, at least primary education should be compulsory and free for all children, including refugee children. The guarantee of the rights for refugee children needs to be discussed separately and in detail as their vulnerability is compounded by the well-founded fear of persecution and the inability to return to their country of origin. It is hoped that this study will bring domestic implementation of the right to education for refugee children more in line with the international consensus and standards.
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