Implications of Global Energy Transition Trends on the Energy Sector and Development of Hydrogen Industry in Russia
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of low-carbon industry in Russia. At the same time, we also examined how unfolding global energy transition and rapidly changing energy market situations influence on prospects for low-carbon industry in the country. Russia has a long history of hydrogen industry and the potential to become one of the top hydrogen producers and exporter in the world. Hydrogen can also be useful for the newly developing low-carbon industry in Russia together with renewable sources of energy. The global energy transition has created opportunities and motivations for Russia to develop low-carbon energy systems, including hydrogen. It can use widely distributed natural resources in the country. Russia can produce low-carbon hydrogen base on renewable energy sources and also natural gas in combination with carbon capture and storage. However, in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis that broke out in February 2022, radically changing market environment in Europe and relations with European partners, Russia also faces challenges of overhauling its short-, mid- and long-term energy strategies, including hydrogen, renewable sources of energy, and climate policies . Now, Russia must focus more on the development of domestic market, redirecting trade flows away from its major European market and strengthen trades with so-called “friendly countries” and partnerships with them. The military conflicts in Ukraine have created additional insurmountable obstacles to efforts to achieve this goal. This paper concludes that the key barriers to the development of low-carbon industry in Russia are difficulties in finding markets for hydrogen exports, and the lack of incentives to apply low-carbon technologies. It is partly resulted by unambitious climate policy goals, high costs of renewable sources of energy and the lack of domestic technologies. In addition, the energy transition process and climate issues in Russia face serious challenges, even though the country has the large potential to develop low-carbon energy sectors. The current situation also suggests that it is necessary to overhaul energy strategies including green industry in the aftermath of deteriorating relations with key Western partners and the economic sanctions on Russia.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of low-carbon industry in Russia. At the same time, we also examined how unfolding global energy transition and rapidly changing energy market situations influence on prospects for low-carbon industry in the country. Russia has a long history of hydrogen industry and the potential to become one of the top hydrogen producers and exporter in the world. Hydrogen can also be useful for the newly developing low-carbon industry in Russia together with renewable sources of energy. The global energy transition has created opportunities and motivations for Russia to develop low-carbon energy systems, including hydrogen. It can use widely distributed natural resources in the country. Russia can produce low-carbon hydrogen base on renewable energy sources and also natural gas in combination with carbon capture and storage. However, in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis that broke out in February 2022, radically changing market environment in Europe and relations with European partners, Russia also faces challenges of overhauling its short-, mid- and long-term energy strategies, including hydrogen, renewable sources of energy, and climate policies . Now, Russia must focus more on the development of domestic market, redirecting trade flows away from its major European market and strengthen trades with so-called “friendly countries” and partnerships with them. The military conflicts in Ukraine have created additional insurmountable obstacles to efforts to achieve this goal. This paper concludes that the key barriers to the development of low-carbon industry in Russia are difficulties in finding markets for hydrogen exports, and the lack of incentives to apply low-carbon technologies. It is partly resulted by unambitious climate policy goals, high costs of renewable sources of energy and the lack of domestic technologies. In addition, the energy transition process and climate issues in Russia face serious challenges, even though the country has the large potential to develop low-carbon energy sectors. The current situation also suggests that it is necessary to overhaul energy strategies including green industry in the aftermath of deteriorating relations with key Western partners and the economic sanctions on Russia.
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