무역원조를 통한 개발도상국 대상 표준 협력: EU 및 미국의 사례와 한국에 주는 함의
Standards Cooperation and Aid for Trade: Cases of EU and Unites States and their implications to Korean standards policies
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이 연구는 무역을 위한 원조(Aid for Trade, AfT)에 있어 표준의 중요성을 검토하고, EU 및 미국의 표준 분야 무역원조 사례 분석을 통해 개발도상국 대상 표준 협력 방안으로서 우리나라의 표준 정책에 주는 시사점을 제시하였다. 무역원조에서 표준은 국제 무역 규범으로서 뿐 아니라 개발도상국의 수출 역량을 강화하기 위한 지식으로서 최근 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. EU 및 미국의 사례는 표준 분야 무역원조가 지향하는 궁극적인 목적이나 사업에 참여하는 행위자의 범위에서는 차이를 보였지만, 표준 분야 무역원조가 산업 가치사슬별로 점차 다양화되고 있다는 공통점이 있었다. 특히 직접적인 TBT협약 이행지원에서 포괄적 역량강화로, 공공부문에 대한 법･규제 지원 중심에서 민간 부문에 대한 품질･혁신 측면의 지원을 병행하는 형태로 그 흐름이 변화하고 있었다. 국내 표준분야 역시 무역원조와의 연계성 강화, 가치사슬 접근을 통한 사업 다양화를 통해 개발원조로서의 인지도와 차별성을 높이는 한편, 국내 무역현안을 반영하기 위한 협력체계를 구축해 개발도상국과의 실제적인 무역 활성화에 기여하도록 개선해 나가야 할 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This study explores the growing importance of standards and standardization in Aid for Trade (Aft) from the cases of EU and United States and discusses the implication to Korean standardization policy. In Aid for Trade, international standards are emphasized not only as international trade rules but also as a source of knowledge to strengthen the supply side capacity in developing countries. The analyses of standards-related AfT programmes in EU and United States reveal that even though their definitions of the objectives and scopes of engaged stakeholders differ, there is a common trend towards diversification of areas along the value chain. Notably, there are marked shifts from direct legal and regulatory assistances for TBT Agreement implementation in the public sector to more comprehensive capacity building assistances for quality improvement and innovation in the private sector. In Korea, international standards cooperation initiatives may need to foster a strategic linkage with AfT and embrace a value-chain approach to diversify the programmes and further strengthen their influence as a key area in the Korean official development assistance (ODA). In addition, a closer cooperation with domestic stakeholders may improve the relevance of standards cooperation programmes to facilitate trade with developing countries.
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