“오늘은 에스파냐에서, 내일은 이탈리아에서” ―카를로 로셀리의 반파시즘과 유럽 연방주의―

Abstract

Carlo Rosselli was an unique theorist of the so-called liberal socialism as well as an Italian famous anti-fascist. But it is not well known that he was also a supporter of European federalism. It seems that he arrived at European federalism by developing his own theory of liberal socialism. However, his European federalism was not the only product of the ideational formation. What seems clear is that he developed ideas of European federalism while interpreting his own experiences as a political exile including the rise of international fascism, the popular base for fascist regimes and the fascist imperial wars. Nevertheless, he did not accept European federalism at the price of the ‘national Weltanschauung.’ Rather, he attempted to articulate nationalism with europeanism based on the consideration for the completion of the Italian Risorgimento. This attempt indeed reminds us of the intellectuals of the Risorgimento nationalism such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Carlo Cattaneo. Rosselli's European federalism can be illustrated as a good example that shows the logical conclusion of non-communist anti-fascist resistance. A closer look would reveal, however, that it is not the only and necessary conclusion of non-communist anti-fascist resistance. The origins of the actual integrated Europe could not be immediately connected with the traditions of non-communist anti-fascist resistance. Even then, his European federalism can be considered as a way which legitimates the actual integrated Europe as well as a point of reference which immanently criticizes certain limits of the actual integrated Europe. Rosselli's problematic that tried to articulate liberty with justice, ‘the human’ with ‘the social’, and nation with Europe naturally reminds us that the European Union ought to be a political and ethical community which revitalizes those universal values such as human rights, peace and democracy, not the means for economic prosperity and European hegemony.