1965년 모리셔스로부터 차고스 제도를 분리시킨 영국의 조치에 관한 2019년 국제사법재판소의 권고적 의견을 통해 본 탈식민지에 관한 국제법 인식
Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 and its Implication of the Decolonization in International Law
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초록
지난 2019년 2월 25일 영국이 차고스 제도(諸島)를 모리셔스로부터 분리시킨 뒤 나머지 영토만을 독립시키는 것은 탈식민지에 관한 국제법에 위반이라는 국제사법재판소의 권고적 의견에 대한 분석을 통해, 식민화의 특수성과 보편성 문제를 중심으로 제국주의 국가들이 식민지를 건설하는 과정에서 영토를 어떤 방식으로 획득해 나가는지, 그리고 그러한 양태가 특히 영국의 모리셔스 식민지 및 탈식민지화 과정에서는 어떤 방식으로 적용이 되었고, 조선에서의 경험과 비교하였을 때 있을 수 있는 시사점을 도출하고자 했다.
Abstract
Decolonization and its quite valid discontents lay at the center of this advisory opinion regarding the territory and populations of islands located in the Indian Ocean. Answering questions posed by the UN General Assembly, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded that because the Chagos Archipelago was detached from Mauritius as a condition of independence, the decolonization of Mauritius had not been completed in accordance with international law. The Court further ruled unlawful the United Kingdom’s continued administration of the Chagos Archipelago and called upon all UN member states to aid completion of the decolonization process. Nearly unanimous—the sole dissenter on the merits was Judge Joan E. Donoghue of the United States—the advisory opinion contained significant pronouncements on decolonization, on the right of all peoples to self-determination, and on the formation of customary rules respecting both. It did so in a manner that implicated the ICJ’s role as the judicial organ of the United Nations, in whose General Assembly and other political bodies the next episodes in the Chagos controversy seem destined to unfold.
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