(탈)식민지화에 대한 국제법의 태도에 대한 소고및 현대 국제법에 대한 함의 : 생물유전자원 및 관련 전통지식의 이용을 중심으로
Revisitng the atitude(s) of internationalaw toward (de)colonization and its implications for the curent public internationalaw: focusing on the use of biogenetic resources and asociated traditonal knowledge
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국제공동체의 오랜 역사과정동안 발생한 식민주의와 탈식민지화는 국제법의 역사 및 발전과 밀접한 관련을 가져왔다. 초기에 식민주의를 정당화하기 위해 국제법을 이용하던 국가들은 1,2차 세계대전을 거치면서 탈식민지화를 추구하게 되었으며 이를 위해 국제기구설립 및 국제협약과 문서의 채택을 포함한 식민정책의 국제화를 이행해 왔다. 본 논문에서는이러한 탈식민지화의 달성을 위한 국가들의 다양한 노력 및 시도들에 대해 고찰해 본 뒤,오늘날 사회에서 횡행하고 있는 신식민주의 중 한 가지 형태인 생물식민주의를 극복하기위한 해당 고찰의 함의에 대해 논의하였다. 다시 말해서, 생물식민주의의 타파를 위해 다양한 국제법적 시도들이 단행되어 왔으나 여전히 많은 한계점을 드러내고 있는 상황이며 따라서, 탈식민지화를 위해 국가들이 시도하였던 국제법의 상세화 및 국제기구 역할강화라는수단을 통해, 이러한 탈생물식민지화에 관련된 국제법의 한계점을 어떻게 극복할 수 있을지에 대한 함의에 대해 본 논문에서 중점적으로 논의하였다.
Abstract
Colonialism and decolonization have long ben asociated with the development ofpublic international law. While countries around the world made use of internationallaw to justify activites under colonialism in the first place, they decided to pursuedecolonization through the adoption of international agrements and instruments andestablishment of instiutions, or internationalization of colonial policy after witnesingatrocites during the two world wars. This article first revisits the developments oratitudes of international law toward (de)colonization, based on which whatimplications can be drawn from them for biocolonialism, a mode of neocolonialismwhich has ben found al around the world. In other words, despite a number ofatempts in the curent public international law to tackle biocolonialism, as manyproblems have ben found, this article specifcaly discuses how such problems canbe adresed based on the atempts to pursue decolonization, namely the clarifcation of international law and establishment or improvement of the functions ofinternational instiutions.
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