본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Rural–Urban Differences in Subjective Well-Being for South Africa: Static and Dynamic Approaches

Mduduzi Biyase|Cephas Naanwaab
경제연구소 (Hanyang Economic Research Institute)|2023.03|Journal of Economic Development|제48권 제1호|pp. 1-30|DOI 10.35866/caujed.2023.48.1.001

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

IncomeUtilityEmotional HealthNIDSStatic Model
주제분류경제학

초록

While there is a well-documented positive relationship between income and life satisfaction, little research (if any) has examined this relationship for samples split by location (rural and urban areas) in South Africa. Using panel data from five waves of National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) we track the subjective well-being of rural and urban households and estimate static and dynamic models of life satisfaction, which incorporate a range of independent variables (lagged subjective well-being, relative income and other control variables), and dependent variable (life satisfaction). Our findings reveal that, despite considerable differences between urban and rural households in terms of income, rural households report experiencing greater subjective well-being than urban households do. Furthermore, our results suggest that not only does own-income have a positive effect, comparison-income or relative income also positively affect subjective well-being.

Abstract

While there is a well-documented positive relationship between income and life satisfaction, little research (if any) has examined this relationship for samples split by location (rural and urban areas) in South Africa. Using panel data from five waves of National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) we track the subjective well-being of rural and urban households and estimate static and dynamic models of life satisfaction, which incorporate a range of independent variables (lagged subjective well-being, relative income and other control variables), and dependent variable (life satisfaction). Our findings reveal that, despite considerable differences between urban and rural households in terms of income, rural households report experiencing greater subjective well-being than urban households do. Furthermore, our results suggest that not only does own-income have a positive effect, comparison-income or relative income also positively affect subjective well-being.

참고문헌 (56)

  1. Asadullah, M. N., "Subjective Well-Being in China, 2005-2010 : The Role of Relative Income, Gender, And Location", China Economic Review, 48, pp.83~101 (2018)
  2. Berry, B.J., "An Urban-Rural Happiness Gradient", Urban Geography, 32(6), pp.871~883 (2011)
  3. Biyase, M., "Remittances and Subjective Well-Being : A Static Versus Dynamic Panel Approach to Happiness", Migration Letters, 6(18), pp.761~774 (2021)
  4. Blanchflower, D.G., "Well-Being over Time in Britain and the USA", Journal of Public Economics, 88(7-8), pp.1359~1386 (2004)
  5. Bookwalter, J.T., "Subjective Well-Being and Household Factors in South Africa", Social Indicators Research, 65(3), pp.333~353 (2004)
  6. Bookwalter, J.T., "Relative to What or Whom? The Importance of Norms and Relative Standing to Well-Being in South Africa", World Development, 38(3), pp.345~355 (2010)
  7. Bookwalter, J. T., "Do Household Heads Speak for the Household? A Research Note", Social Indicators Research, 79, pp.405~419 (2006)
  8. Bottan, N.L., "Deconstructing the Hedonic Treadmill: Is Happiness Autoregressive?", Journal of Socio-Economics, 40, pp.224~236 (2011)
  9. Burger, M. J., "The Pope of Happiness – A Festschrift for Ruut Veenhoven", pp.49~58 (2021), Springer
  10. Burger, M. J., "World Happiness Report 2020", pp.66~93 (2020), Sustainable Development Solutions Network
  11. Christoph, B., "The Relation Between Life Satisfaction and the Material Situation : A Re-Evaluation Using Alternative Measures", Social Indicators Research, 98, pp.475~499 (2010)
  12. Clark, A. E., "Relative Income, Happiness and Utility : An Explanation for the Easterlin Paradox and Other Puzzles", Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), pp.95~144 (2008)
  13. Clark, A.E., "Unhappiness and Unemployment", Journal of Economics, 104(424), pp.648~659 (1994)
  14. Clark, W. A. V., "Subjective Well-Being in China’s Changing Society", PNAS (2019)
  15. Chen, J., "Life Satisfaction in Urbanizing China : The Effect of City Size and Pathways to Urban Residency", Cities, 49, pp.88~97 (2015)
  16. Dang, Y., "How Does Growing City Size Affect Residents’ Happiness in Urban China? A Case Study of The Bohai Rim Area", Habitat International, pp.102120~ (2020)
  17. Diener, E., "Subjective Well-Being", Psychological Bulletin, 95, pp.542~575 (1984)
  18. Diener, E., "Cross-Cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, pp.653~663 (1995)
  19. Diener, E., "Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being?", Social Indicators Research, 57, pp.119~169 (2002)
  20. Dolan, P., "Do We Really Know What Makes Us Happy? A Review of the Economic Literature on the Factors Associated with Subjective Well-Being", Journal of Economic Psychology, 29, pp.94~122 (2008)
  21. Easterlin, R. A., "Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays In Honor of Moses Abramovitz" (1974), Academic Press
  22. Easterlin, R. A., "Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27, pp.35~47 (1995)
  23. Easterlin, R. A., "Explaining Happiness", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(19), pp.11176~11183 (2003)
  24. Easterlin, R.A, "The Happiness-Income Paradox Revisited", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), pp.22463~22468 (2010)
  25. Easterlin, R. A., "The Impact of Modern Economic Growth on Urban-Rural Differences in Subjective Wellbeing", World Development, 39(12), pp.2187~2198 (2011)
  26. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., "Income and Well-Being: An Empirical Analysis of the Comparison Income Effect", Journal of Public Economics, 89(5-6), pp.997~1019 (2005)
  27. Frey, B.S., "Happiness and Economics: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Human Well-Being" (2002), Princeton University Press
  28. Hinks, T., "What Is the Structure of South African Happiness Equations? Evidence from Quality-of-Life Surveys", Social Indicators Research, 82, pp.311~336 (2007)
  29. Hoogerbrugge, M., "Selective Migration and Urban–Rural Differences in Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from the United Kingdom", Urban Studies, pp.00420980211023052~ (2021)
  30. Kahneman, D., "Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, pp.3~24 (2006)
  31. Kingdon, G.G., "Subjective Well-Being Poverty Versus Income Poverty and Capabilities Poverty?", Journal of Development Studies, 42(7), pp.1199~1224 (2006)
  32. Kingdon, G.G., "Community, Comparisons and Subjective Well-Being in A Divided Society", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 64, pp.69~90 (2007)
  33. Knight, J., "Great Expectations? The Subjective Well-being of Rural-Urban Migrants in China", World Development, 1, pp.113~124 (2010)
  34. Luo, C., "Absolute Income, Relative Income and Subjective Well-Being : An Empirical Test Based on the Sample Data of Urban and Rural Households in China", Journal of Finance and Economics, 35(11), pp.79~91 (2009)
  35. Lu, C., "How’s Life in the City? : Life Satisfaction Across Census Metropolitan Areas and Economic Regions in Canada", Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 4(2), pp.34~49 (2015)
  36. Luttmer, E., "Neighbors as Negatives : Relative Earnings and Well-Being", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 3, pp.963~1002 (2005)
  37. McBride, Michael, "Relative-Income Effects on Subjective Well-Being in the Crosssection", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 45, pp.251~278 (2001)
  38. Mentzakis, E., "The Poor, the Rich and The Happy : Exploring the Link between Income and Subjective Well-Being", Journal of Socio-Economics, 38, pp.147~158 (2009)
  39. Møller, V., "Quality of Life in South Africa : Towards an Instrument for the Assessment of Quality of Life and Basic Needs", Social Indicators Research, 12, pp.225~279 (1989)
  40. Møller, V., "South African Quality of Life. A Research Note", Social Indicators Research, (21), pp.279~291 (1989)
  41. Møller, V., "Can’t Get No Satisfaction : Quality of Life in the 1980s", Indicator South Africa, 1, pp.43~46 (1989)
  42. Møller, V., "Quality of Life in South Africa : Post-Apartheid Trends", Social Indicators Research, 43, pp.27~68 (1998)
  43. Møller, V., "Satisfied and Dissatisfied South Africans : Results from the General Household Survey in International Comparison", Social Indicators Research, 2, pp.389~415 (2007)
  44. Møller, V., "South African Quality of Life Trends over Three Decades, 1980–2010", Social Indicators Research, 113, pp.915~940 (2013)
  45. Newman, C., "A Dynamic Model of the Relationship between Income and Financial Satisfaction : Evidence from Ireland", Economic and Social Review, 39, pp.105~130 (2008)
  46. Pereira, M.C., "Work Hours and Well Being : An Investigation of Moderator Effects", Social Indicators Research, 1, pp.235~253 (2013)
  47. Posel, D.R., "Relative Standing and Subjective Well-Being in South Africa : The Role of Perceptions, Expectations and Income Mobility", Social Indicators Research, 104, pp.195~223 (2011)
  48. Powdthavee, N., "Handbook on the Economics of Happiness" (2007), Edward Elgar Publishing
  49. Powdthavee, N., "How Much Does Money Really Matter? Estimating The Causal Effects of Income on Happiness", Empirical Economics, 39, pp.77~92 (2010)
  50. Pudney, S., "The Dynamics of Perception : Modelling Subjective Wellbeing in A Short Panel", Journal of The Royal Statistical Society Series, 171, pp.21~40 (2008)
  51. Requena, F., "Rural-Urban Living and Level of Economic Development as Factors in Subjective Well-Being", Social Indicators Research, 128(2), pp.693~708 (2016)
  52. Schwanen, T., "Well-being, Context, and Everyday Activities in Space and Time", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(4), pp.833~851 (2014)
  53. Senik, C., "When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Data", Journal of Public Economics, 88, pp.2099~2123 (2004)
  54. Veenhoven, R., "Happiness in Nations: Subjective Appreciation of Life in 56 Nations 1946-1992" (1993), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Social Sciences, RISBO, Center for Socio-Cultural Transformation
  55. Wang, J., "Relative Income and Subjective Well-Being of Urban Residents in China", Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(4), pp.673~680 (2019)
  56. Winters, J.V., "Urbanisation, Natural Amenities and Subjective Well-Being : Evidence from US Counties", Urban Studies, 54(8), pp.1956~1973 (2017)

관련 논문AI추천

Comparison of Life Satisfaction between Urban and Rural Residents이장영, 최병목한국사회과학협의회 · Korean Social Science Journal2008 · 제35권 제2호The Effect of Household Characteristicson Poverty and Living Standards in South AfricaPushkarMaitra경제연구소 · Journal of Economic Development2002 · 제27권 제1호Life Satisfaction of Urban-to-Rural Migrants in South Korea - Income vs. Nature -김새봄, 정진화한국농촌계획학회 · 농촌계획2019 · 제25권 제4호고령자의 거주지역 차이가 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향: 전남 고령자의 ‘농촌 행복의 역설’을 중심으로이민아, 이병현한국거버넌스학회 · 한국거버넌스학회보2026 · 제33권 제1호Estimating the Income Elasticity of Marginal Utility: A Study Using South Korean Household Survey Data남덕우, 이정환, 전영준한국경제학회 · The Korean Economic Review2025 · 제41권 제1호주관적 웰빙 영향요인의 다면적 탐색 -가구소득과 거주지역을 중심으로-이양수국가데이터연구원 · 통계연구2019 · 제24권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)

An Economic Growth Model with Education and IndustriousnessNobuhiro Hobara, Shiro Kuwaharapp. 31-57Inequality of Opportunity in Child Health in Sudan: Across-Region StudyEbaidalla M. Ebaidallapp. 59-83Fiscal Policy Effects on U.S. Labor Market김형우, Jisoo Son, 류덕현pp. 85-110Geographical Distance and Access to Bank Credit of Vietnamese FarmersCao Van Hon, Le Khuong Ninhpp. 111-128Selective Migration and Economic Growth in MéxicoJaime Lara Lara, Gustavo Vázquez García, Emilio Mátar Zambrano, Dania Monárrez Barrón, Bernardo Garza Gómezpp. 129-144
원문 보기