Life Satisfaction of Urban-to-Rural Migrants in South Korea - Income vs. Nature -
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The dramatic decrease and aging of the rural population are among the major factors that threaten the sustainability of rural areas in South Korea. Accordingly, urban-to-rural migration is emerging as a means of accomplishing sustainable rural areas. In this study, we analyze life satisfaction of urban-to-rural migrants and its determining factors in the context of the increase in urban-to-rural migrants and their successful settlement. Considering that the main reasons for urban-to-rural migration involve income and natural environment, life satisfaction was comparatively analyzed in terms of income satisfaction and natural environment satisfaction. The ordered logit model and the generalized ordered logit model were used to analyze the factors determining life satisfaction. The data for analysis were from the 2016 National Survey of Urban-to-Rural Migration. The empirical results showed that income satisfaction was low, whereas natural environment satisfaction was substantially high. Both income satisfaction and natural environment satisfaction were high in individuals who had migrated for the natural environment, who had family support for migration, who maintained a good relationship with neighbors, and who had obtained support from municipal governments. Regarding the types of satisfaction, income satisfaction was mainly affected by economic factors (e.g., change of income before and after the migration, and current household income), and natural environment satisfaction was independent of economic factors but dependent on social factors, such as the accompaniment by spouses and participation in local communities.
Abstract
The dramatic decrease and aging of the rural population are among the major factors that threaten the sustainability of rural areas in South Korea. Accordingly, urban-to-rural migration is emerging as a means of accomplishing sustainable rural areas. In this study, we analyze life satisfaction of urban-to-rural migrants and its determining factors in the context of the increase in urban-to-rural migrants and their successful settlement. Considering that the main reasons for urban-to-rural migration involve income and natural environment, life satisfaction was comparatively analyzed in terms of income satisfaction and natural environment satisfaction. The ordered logit model and the generalized ordered logit model were used to analyze the factors determining life satisfaction. The data for analysis were from the 2016 National Survey of Urban-to-Rural Migration. The empirical results showed that income satisfaction was low, whereas natural environment satisfaction was substantially high. Both income satisfaction and natural environment satisfaction were high in individuals who had migrated for the natural environment, who had family support for migration, who maintained a good relationship with neighbors, and who had obtained support from municipal governments. Regarding the types of satisfaction, income satisfaction was mainly affected by economic factors (e.g., change of income before and after the migration, and current household income), and natural environment satisfaction was independent of economic factors but dependent on social factors, such as the accompaniment by spouses and participation in local communities.
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