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우리는 무엇을 통해 사회적 지위를 결정하는가? 지위의 인식에 있어서 사회 계층 간 차이

How Do We Determine One’s Social Status? Social Class Differences in the Perception of Social Status

김보경|홍승범
한국사회및성격심리학회|2023.02|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제37권 제1호|pp. 45-68|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2023.37.1.003

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참고문헌

키워드

social status사회적 지위사회 계층 간 차이주관적 사회 계층객관적 사회 계층social class differencessubjective social classobjective social class
주제분류심리과학

초록

사회적 지위란 조직 구성원들이 자발적으로 부여하는 사회적 가치에서의 위상으로 정의되며, 사람들은 이러한 사회적 지위를 추구하려는 기본적 욕구를 지니고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 본 논문에서는 사람들이 사회적 지위를 추구할 때, 경제적 여건 같은 외적 조건과 품위 같은 내적 조건 중에서 어떤 것을 더 중요하게 인식하는지에 대한 사회 계층 간 차이를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 소득이나 경제적 여건 같은 사회적 지위의 외적 조건은 상대적으로 하위 계층의 사람들에게 중요하게 여겨지는 반면, 품위와 교양 같은 사회적 지위의 내적 조건은 상위 계층의 사람들에게 상대적으로 더 중요하게 여겨지는 것으로 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 연구 1(N = 204)에서 외적 조건의 중요성은 사회 계층과 부적 관계를 보였으나 내적 조건에 대한 상대적 선호는 사회 계층이 올라갈수록 증가하였다. 연구 2(N = 160)에서 하위 계층의 참여자들은 내적 조건이 점화되었을 때보다 외적 조건이 점화되었을 때 본인의 사회적 지위를 더 높게 평가하였다. 또한 이런 결과들은 사회 계층에 관한 객관적 지표보다는 주관적 지표를 분석에 사용했을 때 더욱 명확히 관찰되었다. 종합하면, 본 연구의 결과는 최근 활발히 연구되고 있는 사회적 지위에 대한 인식이 사회 계층에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 점을 보여준다.

Abstract

An emerging literature suggests that people have basic needs for social status which is defined as one’s comparative social ranking in terms of social esteem an respect. Building on the literature, the present research examined social class differences in the relative importance of internal vs. external attributes of social status. The results from two studies showed that external attributes such as income and economic conditions are relatively more important for lower-class individuals, whereas internal attributes such as attitudes and elegance are relatively more important for higher-class individuals. Specifically, in Study 1, social class was negatively associated with perceived importance of external attributes in determining social status and yet, positively associated with relative importance of internal attributes over external attributes. In Study 2, lower-class participants reported that their social status was higher when they believed that external criteria of social status were met than when they believed that internal criteria of social status were met. In both studies, subjective social class showed stronger effects than objective social class. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that one’s perception of social status systematically varies as a function of social class.

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