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사회 계층과 비도덕적 행동의 관계에서 성별과 수혜자의 조절효과

The moderating effects of gender and beneficiary on the relationship between social class and unethical behavior

나진경|김민지
한국사회및성격심리학회|2021.05|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제35권 제2호|pp. 75-92|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2021.35.2.004

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키워드

성별gendersocial class사회 계층비도덕적 행동주체성 vs. 공존성자기 수혜적 vs. 타인 수혜적unethical behavioragency vs. communionself- vs. other-beneficiary
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 행위자의 사회 계층과 비도덕적 행동의 관계가 행위자의 성별과 행동의 수혜자에 따라 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 250명의 성인남녀를 대상으로 주관적 사회 계층 의식과 비도덕적 행동 경향성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 행위자의 사회 계층과 비도덕적 행동의 관계는 행위자의 성별과 행동의 수혜자에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 남성의 경우, 사회 계층과 비도덕적 행동의 관계에 대한 수혜자 조건의 조절효과가 통계적으로 유의했다. 즉, 남성은 사회 계층이 높을수록 자기 수혜적 비도덕적 행동을 더 많이 하는 경향을 보였지만, 타인 수혜적 비도덕적 행동에 대해서는 그렇지 않았다. 이와 달리, 여성의 경우, 사회 계층과 비도덕적 행동의 관계에 대한 수혜자 조건의 조절효과가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 즉, 여성은 자기 수혜적 비도덕적 행동과 타인 수혜적 비도덕적 행동에 있어서 사회 계층에 따른 행동 경향성의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 비도덕적 행동에 영향을 주는 새로운 변인과 변인들의 상호작용 효과를 확인했다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 마지막으로, 연구 결과가 갖는 함의와 제한점 및 후속 연구 방향을 다루었다.

Abstract

We hypothesized that the relationship between social class and the tendency of engaging in unethical behavior would be moderated by gender and the beneficiary of the behavior. In order to test the hypothesis, 250 participants (129 women) were randomly assigned either self-beneficiary or other-beneficiary condition and read unethical behavior scenarios. They were asked the extent to which they would engage in unethical behaviors and their subjective social class. According to the results, social class × gender × beneficiary interaction was statistically significant. Specifically, for male participants social class × beneficiary interaction was statistically significant. That is, upper-class men were more likely to behave unethically for themselves than others. However, for female participants the results showed no such difference. That is, upper-class women did not prefer self-beneficial unethical behaviors to other-beneficial unethical behaviors. The finding suggested that gender could be a critical factor with regard to social cognition and results of previous research about social class and social cognition could be moderated by gender.

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