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국제법을 통한 감염병 통제 - 국제보건규칙의 이행과 준수를 중심으로 -

The Control of Infectious Diseases in International Law - Focusing on Implementation of and Compliance with the International Health Regulations -

박진아
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2019.06|법학논집|제23권 제4호|pp. 59-83|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.32632/ELJ.2019.23.4.59

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세계보건기구WHOWorld Health Organization국제보건규칙International Health Regulations공중보건비상사태국제보건규약합동외부평가Joint External Evaluation ToolJEEPHEIC

초록

국제보건규칙은 인수공통감염병을 포함한 인간 감염병을 규율하는 대표적인 국제 규범이자 감염병 통제를 제일의 목적으로 하는 유일한 국제규범이다. 개정된 국제보 건규칙이 2007년 발효한 후 10여 년의 시간이 흘렀고, 이제 중요한 것은 당사국과 WHO가 국제보건규칙을 준수하고 이행하는 것이다. 이 글은 국제보건규칙이 형성한 감염병 통제의 잠재적 능력을 최대한 활용하기 위한 방안을 모색하는데 궁극적인 목 적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 2005년 국제보건규칙이 개정되기까지의 감염병 통제를 위한 국제법의 발전과정과 개정된 국제보건규칙 관할 대상 질병을 살펴보고, 그 다 음으로 개정된 국제보건규칙의 지난 10년간의 이행과 준수 과정에서 나타난 문제점 과 한계를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 앞선 분석에 근거하여 이를 개선하기 위해 제시 된 방안과 국제사회의 노력을 검토하였다. 국제보건규칙의 개정을 통해 WHO는 규범적 차원에서 감염병의 통제의 규범적 틀을 상당히 강화하였지만, WHO와 당사국의 적극적인 이행과 준수 없이는 규칙의 존재가 큰 의미가 없다. 국가들의 협력 없이는 감염병의 실효적 통제가 불가능하다 는 것에 대한 국제적 공감대는 이미 오래전에 형성되었다. 국가들이 국제보건규칙에 따른 핵심 역량을 강화하고 기술 및 자금 지원에도 적극적으로 참여함과 동시에 WHO가 국제보건규칙의 관리자로서의 역할을 충실히 이행할 때 감염병의 효과적인 통제가 가능하다는 것을 다시 한 번 강조할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

The International Health Regulations are a representative international law for control of human infectious diseases including zoonosis, and the only international norm with the primary purpose of controlling infectious diseases. A decade after the revised International Health Regulations came into force in 2007, it is now important for parties including the WHO to comply with and implement these regulations. This article explores ways to make full use of the potential capabilities for the control of infectious diseases established by the International Health Regulations. To this purpose, this article examines the development of international law for the control of infectious diseases up to the revision of the 2005 International Health Regulations and reviews the diseases subject to the revised regulations. Next, the article analyzes the problems and limitations of implementation of and compliance with the International Health Regulations. Finally, based on the above analysis, this article reviews the proposed measures and the efforts of the international community to improve the regulations. Through the amendment of the International Health Regulations, the WHO has strengthened the normative framework for control of infectious diseases. However, without active implementation and compliance on the part of the WHO and State Parties, the existence of the rule is meaningless. The international consensus that effective control of infectious diseases is impossible without the cooperation of nations has already been formed. It is reaffirmed that countries can effectively control infectious diseases only when they work closely with the WHO, including active monitoring efforts implementing core competencies under the International Health Regulations and participating in technology and funding transfers. It is important to emphasize once again that effective control of infectious diseases is only possible when on the one hand States are actively monitoring infectious diseases by enforcing core capacities in accordance with the International Health Regulations and actively participating in technology sharing and funding, and when on the other hand the WHO cooperates closely with States and monitors implementation of the International Health Regulations as administrator.

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