商代 父系社會의 特徵과 가족제도 고찰 -甲骨文 자형, 卜辭의 내용, 고고학적 발굴성과를 중심으로-
A Study of Characteristics of Patriarchy and the Family System of Shang-Dynasty
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This study examines characteristics of patriarchy and the family system which is related to the change of marriage system of Shang Dynasty based on principles to form oracle bone scripts, oracle bones and archeological specimens. First of all, the results show that principal agents of marriage were changed to men from women due to the change of society from matriarchal to patriarchal. Second, the practice of polygamy was partially existed in doing so some affluent head of family or head of clan forced women captives and slaves into cohabitation with them or bring them in concubines. Third, men went looting and pillaging through war against other clans to secure labor force and to seek economical gain. Women were victims of the war because they became men's possessions as war booties. Forth, there were evidences of a traditional preference for boy-children due to the patriarchal society where father's lineage was much more important and men's roles and statuses were much higher than women's. Fifth, usually the King had many brothers due to the practice of polygamy in Shang Dynasty so that younger brother succeeded to the throne when the King was dead. Lastly, the King had many concubines besides the queen consort in Shang Dynasty. However, a son of Queen consort was first line of succession to the throne although a son of royal concubine was the eldest because he was born out of wedlock.
Abstract
This study examines characteristics of patriarchy and the family system which is related to the change of marriage system of Shang Dynasty based on principles to form oracle bone scripts, oracle bones and archeological specimens. First of all, the results show that principal agents of marriage were changed to men from women due to the change of society from matriarchal to patriarchal. Second, the practice of polygamy was partially existed in doing so some affluent head of family or head of clan forced women captives and slaves into cohabitation with them or bring them in concubines. Third, men went looting and pillaging through war against other clans to secure labor force and to seek economical gain. Women were victims of the war because they became men's possessions as war booties. Forth, there were evidences of a traditional preference for boy-children due to the patriarchal society where father's lineage was much more important and men's roles and statuses were much higher than women's. Fifth, usually the King had many brothers due to the practice of polygamy in Shang Dynasty so that younger brother succeeded to the throne when the King was dead. Lastly, the King had many concubines besides the queen consort in Shang Dynasty. However, a son of Queen consort was first line of succession to the throne although a son of royal concubine was the eldest because he was born out of wedlock.
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