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How Is the Distrust Trap Pervasive in East Asia?: Focusing on Incomplete Sovereignty with a Prospect Theory

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This paper investigates Japan’s two foreign policies toward South Korea and the People’s Republic of China after the 2000s based on prospect theory. The Japanese government intended those decisions as loss-averse behavior to overcome incomplete sovereignty by resolving the comfort women issue and the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands’ territorial dispute. However, the distrust trap made South Korea and China recognize Japan’s intention as risk-acceptant. This paper posits that a distrust trap plays a significant role as a heuristic that makes South Korea and China reluctant to cooperate with Japan. The distrust trap indicates the extension of a cognitive gap between states when the challenging behavior of one state provokes distrust of others and gives a signal of threat regardless of its intention or approach. The twenty-first century is a remarkable period because security issues toward Japan are making gradual progress of cooperation of East Asia superficial. It relates to the problem of trust-building. This paper uses transnational survey data to show the distrust trap between South Korea, China, and Japan.

Abstract

This paper investigates Japan’s two foreign policies toward South Korea and the People’s Republic of China after the 2000s based on prospect theory. The Japanese government intended those decisions as loss-averse behavior to overcome incomplete sovereignty by resolving the comfort women issue and the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands’ territorial dispute. However, the distrust trap made South Korea and China recognize Japan’s intention as risk-acceptant. This paper posits that a distrust trap plays a significant role as a heuristic that makes South Korea and China reluctant to cooperate with Japan. The distrust trap indicates the extension of a cognitive gap between states when the challenging behavior of one state provokes distrust of others and gives a signal of threat regardless of its intention or approach. The twenty-first century is a remarkable period because security issues toward Japan are making gradual progress of cooperation of East Asia superficial. It relates to the problem of trust-building. This paper uses transnational survey data to show the distrust trap between South Korea, China, and Japan.

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