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리처드 로드리게스의 『브라운』에 나타난 ‘미국의 갈색화’와 혼종성

The Meaning of “America is Browning” and Its Hybridity in Richard Rodriguez's Brown

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Richard Rodriguez is a Mexican-American writer who refuses to be classified as a Chicano writer. Instead, he prefers to be called a Hispanic author because, in his opinion, the absurdity that the label entails captures his place in American literature. In his autobiographical trilogy, Rodriguez reveals a conversion from being assimilated into mainstream American society to exploring his Mexican roots and embracing so-called mestizo Mexicanness. Rodriguez's Brown visualizes the growing Hispanic/Latino population in the United States through the metaphor of brown, which means impurity, resists a fixed categorization and asserts a flexible identity to imagine oneself free. This paper historically examines the origin of Hispanic and Latino terms in American society and critically analyzes Rodriguez's contradictory attitude towards minority issues such as affirmative action and bilingual education. Additionally, it explores the meaning of “America is Browning” in the context of racial, linguistic, and cultural hybridity rather than in terms of a demographic statistic. It ultimately attempts to present new ideas of harmony and coexistence through brown discourse.

Abstract

Richard Rodriguez is a Mexican-American writer who refuses to be classified as a Chicano writer. Instead, he prefers to be called a Hispanic author because, in his opinion, the absurdity that the label entails captures his place in American literature. In his autobiographical trilogy, Rodriguez reveals a conversion from being assimilated into mainstream American society to exploring his Mexican roots and embracing so-called mestizo Mexicanness. Rodriguez's Brown visualizes the growing Hispanic/Latino population in the United States through the metaphor of brown, which means impurity, resists a fixed categorization and asserts a flexible identity to imagine oneself free. This paper historically examines the origin of Hispanic and Latino terms in American society and critically analyzes Rodriguez's contradictory attitude towards minority issues such as affirmative action and bilingual education. Additionally, it explores the meaning of “America is Browning” in the context of racial, linguistic, and cultural hybridity rather than in terms of a demographic statistic. It ultimately attempts to present new ideas of harmony and coexistence through brown discourse.

참고문헌 (20)

  1. 권은혜, "다문화주의와 미국적 정체성: 1990년대 미국 역사가들의 다문화주의 논쟁을 중심으로", 미국사연구, 51, pp.103~142 (2020), 한국미국사학회[DOI]
  2. 김연진, "미국의 인구조사, 통계정책지침 15, 그리고 ‘히스패닉", 라티노’의 탄생, 2016, pp.48(3), 75~103[DOI]
  3. 이은아, "라틴아메리카와 라티노 사회의 다문화주의 논의의 쟁점: 혼혈담론과 문화 혼종성을 중심으로", 인문논총, (59), pp.29~58 (2008), 인문학연구원[DOI]
  4. 황혜성, "미국의 다문화주의 ― 민권운동과 1965년 이민개혁법의 조우, 그리고 예견치 못했던 결과 ―", 이화사학연구, (35), pp.83~106 (2007), 이화사학연구소[DOI]
  5. Anzaldúa, Gloria, "Borderlands: The New Mestiza=La Frontera" (2012), Aunt Lute Books
  6. Garcia, Michael Nieto, "Autobiography in Black and Brown : Ethnic Identity in Richard Wright and Richard Rodriguez" (2014), U of New Mexico P
  7. Hollinger, David A., "Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism" (2005), BasicBooks
  8. Ibarrola-Armendariz, Aitor, "Call and Response : Richard Rodriguez Casts New Light on Brown as a ‘Fruity Text’ on Identity Politics", Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, 16, pp.91~105 (2012)
  9. 김대중, "Meaning of Crossing Borderlines and Differential Movement in Chicana Literature", 영어권문화연구, 10(2), pp.5~24 (2017), 영어권문화연구소[DOI]
  10. Lim, Jeehyun, "‘I Was Never at War with My Tongue’: The Third Language and the Performance of Bilingualism in Richard Rodriguez", Biography, 33(3), pp.518~542 (2010)
  11. "A View from the Melting Pot: An Interview with Richard Rodriguez" (1997)[URL]
  12. "Who Is Hispanic?" (2022)[URL]
  13. Marzan, Julio A, "The Art of Being Richard Rodriguez", The Bilingual Review, 27(1), pp.45~64 (2003)
  14. Milian Arias, Claudia M., "Brown Is the Color of Philosophy: An Interview with Richard Rodriguez", Nepantla, 4(2), pp.269~282 (2003)
  15. Munoz, Andrea, "Rewriting the Chicano Movement", pp.195~217 (2021), U of Arizona P
  16. Rodriguez, Richard, "Brown: The Last Discovery of America" (2003), Penguin
  17. Rodriguez, Richard, "Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez" (2004), Bantam
  18. "East LA, 1968: ‘Walkout!’ the Day High School Students Helped Ignite the Chicano Power Movement" (2018)[URL]
  19. "The Browning of America" (2002)[URL]
  20. Torres, Hector A, "‘I Don’t Think I Exist’ : Interview with Richard Rodriguez", Melus, 28(2), pp.165~202 (2003)

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