표준의 국제무역효과에 관한 고찰
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본 논문은 표준의 국제무역효과를 실증적으로 측정하기 위한 전 단계 작업으로서 이론적 가설을 도출한다. 이를 위해 표준의 무역효과는 보는 관점과 표준의 유형에 따라 다르게 나타날 것이라는 전제하에 표준의 유형을 기능적 측면에서 호환표준, 최소품질표준, 정보표준, 다양성감소표준 등으로 구분하고, ‘사실상’의 표준과 공적 표준, 제품표준과 비제품표준, 그리고 국제표준과 국가표준으로 구분하였다. 표준을 국제무역패턴의 결정요인으로 보고, 신고전학파 관점에서 표준을 하나의 신요소로 보았고, 신슘페터적인 관점에서는 표준을 절대우위의 제공요인, 기술격차 요인, 그리고 제도적 특성요인으로 보았다. ‘사실상’의 표준을 제외한 공적표준에 대해서 무역효과를 네 가지(경쟁우위효과, 경쟁열위효과Ⅰ, 경쟁열위효과Ⅱ,산업내무역효과)로 구분하여 예측한 결과, 국가표준과 국제표준은 공히 경쟁우위효과(수출증가⋅수입감소)를 가지나 그 효과는 국가표준이 더 크며, 호환표준, 최소품질표준, 그리고 정보표준은 산업내 무역(수출증가⋅수입증가)을 증진시키는데,이 경우 국제표준이 국가표준에 비해서 그 효과가 더 클 것으로 예측되었다. 반면‘독특한’(idiosyncratic) 국가표준은 경쟁열위효과(수출감소)를 가져오는데, 이 때 제품표준이면 수입 역시 감소하는 반면에(경쟁열위효과Ⅰ), 공정표준이면 수입이 증가할(경쟁열위효과Ⅱ) 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 내용은 선험적인 분석을 통해서 도출한 가설에 불과하므로 추후 실증적인 검증을 통해 확인해 볼 필요가 있다.
Abstract
As the assessment of public expenditure outcomes has been expanded today, the assessment of national R&D projects is also being conducted, most of whom analyzes their economic effects only. Specifically, national R&D projects tend to focus on the analysis of sales, profit, production-induced amount of relevant industries mainly. In this situation, this study intends to explore an analysis of immeasurable and implicit non-economic effects in system IC industry infrastructure formation, such as the gain of fundamental technology of next generation, quality improvement of members in society, etc. Interviews with CEO of relevant companies are facilitated and four attributes are identified, including the gain of fundamental technology of next generation,advancement of IT industry, training of expertise, start-up of new enterprises. Data is analyzed by using MAUT which is a representative analysis method of non-market value assessment. The findings of this study show that the value of non-economic effects in system IC industry infrastructure formation from year 1997 to year 2006 is evaluated as to reach approximately 210 Billion Won to 489 Billion Won. This amount can be considered 0.56 to 1.3 times more than actual expenditures of 130 Billion Won during the same period.
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