야스쿠니신사의 초혼사상과 전사자 유골

Abstract

This Article examines the process of making new sacrifices of the war dead since the Modern Age, in view of the fact that the ashes are important and indispensable elements in the traditional Death Rituals of Japan, but they are not subject to sacrifice at the Yasukuni Shrine, in which focusing on the Shōkon-ideology(招魂思想) and the Funeral Urns of the War Dead. And we looked at how to accept the bereaved families the newly created ritual of the War Dead. Looking at the form of the Shōkonsha(招魂社), the predecessor of the Yasukuni Shrine, it is the greatest difference from the previous Shōkon-place(招魂場) in that it was established as a form of Shōkonsha without a graveyard in the Shōkon-place which was a sacrificial place of graveyard and soul. In addition, through the Shōkon-sacrifice, in which the war dead became a god before the war, the bereaved families were regarded the death of the dead as a grave death rather than a miserable and inhuman form. However, because the nation praised the bereaved families as ‘the honorable warrior’ and ‘the wife of the spirit’, they say they can not express his sorrow losing his family in public and his feelings have been suppressed. It is understood from the above that Yasukuni Shrine’s god of sacrifice ‘without funeral urns’ was recognized as the spirit of the nation, the nation has preserved its authority and legitimacy by holding the sacrifice of the nation, and it had penetrated to the bereaved families ‘Shōkon’ ideology thought of a soul that remained in the Yasukuni Shrine. The establishment of such a national sacrificial system prevented the formation of sacrifices of war dead, and it continues to be maintained even 60 years after the war without responding to the request of the bereaved remains.