신경윤리학의 법정책적 거버넌스 정립을 위한 「뇌연구촉진법」개정에 관한 소고(小考)

Abstract

Currently, Neuroscience is evolving into convergence technologies such as artificial intelligence and connection with machines, causing various problems such as questions about human dignity and identity. However, discussions on legal, ethical, and social problems caused by neuroscience and preparation for alternatives are insufficient. The field of studying ethical problems caused by neuroscience is called neuroethics. Major developed countries abroad are conducting active research on neuroethics along with promoting neuroscience. Since 1998, Korea has enacted and implemented the Brain Research Promotion Act to promote neuroscience at the national level. However, it is a reality that only focuses on the use of the results of neuroscience and the industrialization of technology. Now, Korea should also try to preemptively respond to future problems by forming various social consensus based on neuroethics. New legal policy governance is needed to effectively cope with problems caused by neuroscience. It is necessary to institutionalize the social foundation on which the government, experts, and the general public discuss and participate in neuroethics together. To this end, it is necessary to revise the Brain Research Promotion Act. As the main contents of the revision, it is necessary to establish and operate the "National Neuroethics Committee" to set the future direction of brain research and form social consensus, and to designate and operate the "Global Neuroethics Center" to support these institutional efforts in policy and promote international cooperation research. The establishment of such legal and policy governance will provide a foundation for our society to actively cope with new social changes caused by neuroscience.