본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

남아프리카의 일부다처제에 관한 소고: 전통의 실체와 변화

A Study of Polygyny in Southern Africa:The Reality and Change of Tradition

설병수
비교문화연구소 (Center for Cross Culture Studies)|2019.12|비교문화연구 (Cross-Cultural Studies)|제57권 |pp. 25-54|DOI 10.21049/ccs.2019.57..25

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

변화전통traditionrealitychange실체일부다처제남아프리카southern Africapolygyny
주제분류문학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 남아프리카의 일부다처제가 역사적 궤적과 노동 이주의 맥락에서 어떤 식으로 존재해 왔는지를 검토하는 데 있다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 사회ㆍ경제적 변화에도 불구하고, ‘문화적 관성’과 ‘실제적 필요성’ 때문에 일부다처제가 쉽게 소멸하지 않을 것이라는 주장을 펴고자 한다. 본 연구에서 논의된 주요 내용을 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남아프리카 전통 사회에서 일부다처제가 만연했다는 일반적 인식은 ‘신화’에 가깝다고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 남아프리카의 일부다처제와 성적 관행은 개별 집단의 존재 조건과 행위 주체의 사회ㆍ경제적 배경에 따라 그 실천 양상이 다르게 나타난다. 셋째, 19세기 후반부터 시작된 대규모 노동 이주는 전통적 가족과 공동체 구조의 균열을 초래했다. 넷째, 1970년대 후반부터 시작된 남아공의 경기 침체는 일부다처제의 존속을 더욱더 위태롭게 하고 있다. 다섯째, 이런 상황에서도 남아공 사람 중 상당수는 일부다처제가 존속되길 원한다. 여섯째, 남성과 여성이 일부다처혼을 통해 획득하는 상징성은 각기 다르다.

Abstract

This paper aims to examine how polygyny in southern Africa has existed in the context of historical trajectory and labor migration. Through it all, the study tried to argue that, despite socioeconomic changes, polygyny will not easily disappear, because of cultural inertia and practical necessity. The points discussed in the paper can be summarized as follows. First, the general perception that polygyny prevailed in traditional southern African societies is close to a myth. Second, polygyny and sexual practices in the area manifest different aspects according to each group’s existential conditions and the agent’s socioeconomic background. Third, large-scale labor migration starting from the late 19th century resulted in the fissure of the traditional family and community structures. Fourth, the economic recession in South Africa that began in the 1970s has endangered the survival of polygyny more and more. Fifth, despite such a situation, most South African people want the institution to survive. Finally, men and women obtain different symbolic meanings from polygynous marriage.

참고문헌 (60)

  1. 유재명, "흑아프리카 전통 가족 제도의 특징", 비교문화연구, 45, pp.269~293 (2016), 비교문화연구소[DOI]
  2. Adeokun, Lawrence A., "Marital Sexual Relationships and Birth Spacing among Two Yoruba Sub-Groups", Africa, 52(4) (1982)
  3. Agyei, William K. A., "Risky Sexual Behavior and Condom Use among Youth in Botswana", Journal of Human Ecology, 55(3) (2016)
  4. Alberti, Ludwig, "Account of the Tribal Life and Customs of the Xhosa in 1807" (1968), Cape Town
  5. Anderson, C. M., "Polygyny in South Africa", Anthropology and Ethnology Open Access Journal, 1(1) (2018)
  6. Andrews, Penelope E., "Who’s Afraid of Polygamy? Exploring the Boundaries of Family, Equality and Custom in South Africa", Journal of Law & Family Studies, 11(2) (2009)
  7. Awusabo-Asare, Kofi, "Postpartum Sexual Abstinence in the Era of AIDS in Ghana: Prospects for Change", Health Transition Review, 7 (1997)
  8. Blalock, Casey Lanier, "Labor Migration and Employment in Post-Apartheid Rural South Africa", Ph.D, pp.2014
  9. Caldwell, J. C., "The Role of Marital Sexual Abstinence in Determining Fertility: A Study of the Yoruba of Nigeria", Population Studies, 31(2) (1977)
  10. Caldwell, John C., "The Family and Sexual Networking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Historical Regional Differences and Present-Day Implications", Population Studies, 46(3) (1992)
  11. Carton, Benedict, "Blood from Your Children: The Colonial Origins of Generational Conflict in South Africa" (2000), University of Natal Press
  12. Clignet, Remi, "For a Revisionist Theory of Human Polygyny", Signs, 6(3) (1981)
  13. Delius, Peter, "Land Belongs to Us: The Pedi Polity, the Boers, and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Transvaal, London" (1984), Heinemann
  14. Delius, Peter, "Sexual Socialisation in South Africa: A Historical Perspective", African Studies, 61(1) (2002)
  15. Delius, Peter, "The Myths of Polygamy: A History of Extra-Marital and Multi-Partnership Sex in South Africa", South African Historical Journal, 50 (2004)
  16. Ellenberger, D. Fred, "History of the Basuto:Ancient and Modern" (1912), Caxton Publishing Company
  17. Ember, Melvin, "Comparing Explanations of Polygyny", Cross-Cultural Research, 41(4) (2007)
  18. Freeman, J. J., "A Tour in South Africa with Notices of Natal, Mauritius, Madagascar, Ceylon, Egypt, and Palestine" (1851), John Snow
  19. Fulas, Dureti Abate, "The Legal Framework Regulating Polygamy in Ethiopia:An Assessment in Light of Liberal Feminist Legal Theory and International Human Rights Law", Master, pp.2018
  20. Gluckman, Max, "African Systems of Kinship and Marriage" (1975), Oxford University Press
  21. Gray, J. Patrick, "Ethnographic Atlas Codebook", World Cultures, 10(1) (1998)
  22. Guy, Jeff, "Analysing Pre-Capitalist Societies in Southern Africa", Journal of Southern African Studies, 14(1) (1987)
  23. Hendricks, Shariefa, "Polygamy in South Africa: An Exploratory Study of Women’s Experiences", M.A, pp.2004
  24. Hobsbawm, Eric, "The Invention of Tradition" (1983), Cambridge University Press
  25. Hunter, Mark, "Masculinities, Multiple-Sexual-Partners, and AIDS: The Making and Unmaking of Isoka in KwaZulu-Natal", Transformation, 54 (2004)
  26. Hunter, Mark, "Cultural Politics and Masculinities: Multiple-Partners in Historical Perspective in KwaZulu-Natal", Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(4) (2005)
  27. Hunter, Monica, "Reaction to Conquest: Effects of Contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa" (1936), Oxford University Press
  28. Ickowitz, Amy, "Why Would She? Polygyny and Women’s Welfare in Ghana", Feminist Economics, 21(2) (2015)
  29. Iliffe, John, "Africans: The History of a Continent" (2007), Cambridge University Press
  30. Long, Lucy, "Sex, Secrecy and Stigma: Negotiating Youth in a Context of HIV", AIDS, University of Oxford, 2015
  31. Mahoney, Michael R., "An Ambiguous Sexual Revolution? Sexual Change and Intra-Generational Conflict in Colonial Natal", South African Historical Journal, 50(1) (2004)
  32. Marcus, Tessa, "Zulu Identities: Being Zulu, Past and Present" (2008), University of KwaZulu-Natal Press
  33. Mathipa, Elias R., "Factors Contributing to the Rising HIV", AIDS Infection Rate among Soshanguve School Girls in the FET Band, 2014, pp.45(1), ~
  34. Mayer, Philip, "Townsmen or Tribesmen: Conservatism and the Process of Urbanization in a South African City" (1971), Oxford University Press
  35. Mayer, Philip, "Wives of Migrant Workers, Unpublished typescript", pp.1978
  36. McAllister, Patrick Alister, "Xhosa Beer Drinks and Their Oratory", Ph.D, pp.1986
  37. Mkhize, Zama, "Experiences of Women in Polygynous Unions in Hammarsdale, South Africa", Journal of Psychology, 6(2) (2015)
  38. Mkhize, Zamambo Valentine, "Polygyny & Gender: The Gendered Narratives of Adults Who Were Raised in Polygynous Families", Ph.D, pp.2015
  39. Mönnig, Hermann Otto, "The Pedi" (1967), J. L. Van Schaik
  40. Morgan, Lewis Henry, "Ancient Society" (1877), Charles H. Kerr & Company
  41. Murdock, George Peter, "Ethnographic Atlas" (1967), University of Pittsburgh Press
  42. Mwambene, Lea, "What Is the Future of Polygyny(Polygamy)in Africa?", PER, 2017, pp.20, ~
  43. The Motivations for Polygyny in Nigeria, "Naksomboon, Pantiwa", University of Ottawa, ~ (2013)
  44. Pauw, B. A., "Religion in a Tswana Chiefdom" (1960), Oxford University Press
  45. Peletz, Michael G., "Kinship Studies in Late Twentieth-Century Anthropology", Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1995)
  46. Read, Margaret, "The Moral Code among the Ngoni and Their Former Military State", Africa, 11(1) (1938)
  47. Schapera, Isaac, "Premarital Pregnancy and Native Opinion: A Note on Social Change", Africa, 6(1) (1933)
  48. Schapera, Isaac, "Married Life in an African Tribe" (1940), Faber and Faber Limited
  49. Soga, John Henderson, "The Ama-Xosa: Life and Customs" (1932), Lovedale Press
  50. Spencer, Herbert, "The Principles of Sociology (Vol. Ⅰ)" (1898), D. Appleton and Company
  51. Spiegel, Andrew D., "Migrant Labour Remittances, the Developmental Cycle and Rural Differentiation in a Lesotho Community", M.A, pp.1979
  52. Spiegel, Andrew D., "Polygyny as Myth: Towards Understanding Extra-Marital Relations in Lesotho", Paper for presentation at the History Workshop Conference (1990)
  53. Thobejane, Tsoaledi Daniel, "An Exploration of Polygamous Marriages: A Worldview", Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(27) (2014)
  54. Ware, Helen, "Polygyny : Women’s Views in a Transitional Society, Nigeria 1975", Journal of Marriage and Family, 41(1) (1979)
  55. White, Douglas R., "Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare", American Anthropologist, 90(4) (1988)
  56. Wilson, Monica, "Essays on African Marriage in Southern Africa" (1981), University of KwaZulu-Natal Press
  57. Wilson, Monica, "Keiskammahoek Rural Survey (Vol. Ⅲ): Social Structure" (1952), Shuter and Shooter
  58. Wyrod, Robert, "Beyond Sugar Daddies: Intergenerational Sex and AIDS in Urban Zimbabwe", AIDS and Behavior, 15(6) (2011)
  59. "South Africa Unemployment Rate" (2019)[URL]
  60. "Legality of Polygamy" (2019)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

흑아프리카 전통 가족 제도의 특징유재명비교문화연구소 · 비교문화연구2016 · 제45권 아프리카의 신부대(bride wealth) 관습: 변화와 재구성의 맥락설병수비교문화연구소 · 비교문화연구2018 · 제50권 탈아파르트헤이트 시기 남아프리카공화국의 이주에 대한 소고: 쟁점과 이슈황규득한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2013 · 제38권 제1호The Paradox of Circular Labor Migration: A Case Study of Keate’s Drift Town, South Africa설병수한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2010 · 제32권 제1호한국사회 결혼문화의 변천사와 문제점 및 해결방안에 대한 연구김태수한국복음주의상담학회 · 복음과 상담2008 · 제10권 A Study of Anthropological Perspectives on Wife Beating정혜숙한국사회복지연구회 · 사회복지연구2004 · 제25호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)

젠더화된 국가 재건과 잃어버린 열정: 박경리의 『표류도』(1959) 다시 읽기김은하pp. 1-24알모도바르의 영화 「귀향」에 나타난 남성과 여성송선기pp. 55-77A Study of Women’s Distorted Identity and Men’s Discourse임주인pp. 79-106일본 소녀문화의 서양 전유방식에 대한 연구황성희pp. 107-147프랑스 왕실 백합 문장(紋章)의 역사와 의미 연구고봉만pp. 149-176
원문 보기