MODIS 위성영상 기반 중국발 월경성 초미세 먼지 극한 현상 탐지
Detection of Transboundary Ultrafine Dust Extreme Events from China Based on MODIS Satellite Imagery
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초록
The purpose of this study is to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of transboundary ultrafine dust extreme events (TUDEE), which migrate from China toward neighboring countries in East Asia based on longterm (2001-2020) monthly MODIS satellite imagery data (MOD08_M3). The characteristics of the atmospheric circulation related to their dispersal in extreme cases are also examined by analyzing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis I data. Long-term average maps of monthly maximum MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) show that the TUDEE with “Very Bad”level (exceeding 1.5 of AOD) originates mainly from northeastern China (115-120°E, 30-40°N). It is also observed that the southeastward propagation of ultrafine dust plumes following the northwesterlies exacerbates the air quality over Yellow Sea as well as over the western region of the Korean Peninsula. The intensity of TUDEE moving from China toward the western region of the Korean Peninsula is enhanced between earlyspring and mid-spring (March-April), when the significant amount of ultrafine dust from fossil fuel consumption for heating and manufacturing in China can be stagnant over Yellow Sea due to the weakened northwesterly wind compared with that in winter. Time series data of monthly maximum AOD demonstrate that the intensity of TUDEE from China is persistent without decreasing trend even in the late 2010s. Analyses of synoptic climate charts for extreme cases reveal that the formation of anomalous anti-westerlies across East Asia by weaker Aleutian low pressure as well as the formation of stable vertical atmospheric structure help the stagnation of severe ultrafine dust plume over Yellow Sea. It is also notable that the dry air condition indicated by negative anomalies of precipitable water in southern China may also contribute to more intense TUDEE from China toward the neighboring countries including South Korea.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of transboundary ultrafine dust extreme events (TUDEE), which migrate from China toward neighboring countries in East Asia based on longterm (2001-2020) monthly MODIS satellite imagery data (MOD08_M3). The characteristics of the atmospheric circulation related to their dispersal in extreme cases are also examined by analyzing the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis I data. Long-term average maps of monthly maximum MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) show that the TUDEE with “Very Bad”level (exceeding 1.5 of AOD) originates mainly from northeastern China (115-120°E, 30-40°N). It is also observed that the southeastward propagation of ultrafine dust plumes following the northwesterlies exacerbates the air quality over Yellow Sea as well as over the western region of the Korean Peninsula. The intensity of TUDEE moving from China toward the western region of the Korean Peninsula is enhanced between earlyspring and mid-spring (March-April), when the significant amount of ultrafine dust from fossil fuel consumption for heating and manufacturing in China can be stagnant over Yellow Sea due to the weakened northwesterly wind compared with that in winter. Time series data of monthly maximum AOD demonstrate that the intensity of TUDEE from China is persistent without decreasing trend even in the late 2010s. Analyses of synoptic climate charts for extreme cases reveal that the formation of anomalous anti-westerlies across East Asia by weaker Aleutian low pressure as well as the formation of stable vertical atmospheric structure help the stagnation of severe ultrafine dust plume over Yellow Sea. It is also notable that the dry air condition indicated by negative anomalies of precipitable water in southern China may also contribute to more intense TUDEE from China toward the neighboring countries including South Korea.
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