2015년 2월 관측된 고농도 황사 사례 연구
Case Study of the Heavy Asian Dust Observed in Late February 2015
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Asian dust is a seasonal meteorological phenomenon influencing most East Asia, irregularly occurring during spring. Unusual heavy Asian dust event in winter was observed in Seoul, Korea, with up to 1,044 μg m−3 of hourly mean PM10, in 22~23 February 2015. Causes of such infrequent event has been studied using both ground based and spaceborne observations, as well as numerical simulations including ECMWF ERA Interim reanalysis, NOAA HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis, and ADAM2-Haze simulation. Analysis showed that southern Mongolia and northern China, one of the areas for dust origins, had been warm and dry condition, i.e. no snow depth, soil temperature of ~0oC, and cumulative rainfall of 1 mm in February, along with strong surface winds higher than critical wind speed of 6~7.5 m s−1 during 20~21 February. While Jurihe, China, (42o23'56''N, 112o53'58''E) experienced 9,308 μg m−3 of hourly mean surface PM10 during the period, the Asian dust had affected the Korean Peninsula within 24 hours traveling through strong north-westerly wind at ~2 km altitude. KMA issued Asian dust alert from 1100 KST on 22nd to 2200 KST on 23rd since above 400 μg m−3 of hourly mean surface PM10. It is also important to note that, previously to arrival of the Asian dust, the Korean Peninsula was affected by anthropogenic air pollutants (NO3 −, SO4 2−, and NH4 +) originated from the megacities and large industrial areas in northeast China. In addition, this study suggests using various data sets from modeling and observations as well as improving predictability of the ADAM2-Haze model itself, in order to more accurately predict the occurrence and impacts of the Asian dust over the Korean peninsula.
Abstract
Asian dust is a seasonal meteorological phenomenon influencing most East Asia, irregularly occurring during spring. Unusual heavy Asian dust event in winter was observed in Seoul, Korea, with up to 1,044 μg m−3 of hourly mean PM10, in 22~23 February 2015. Causes of such infrequent event has been studied using both ground based and spaceborne observations, as well as numerical simulations including ECMWF ERA Interim reanalysis, NOAA HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis, and ADAM2-Haze simulation. Analysis showed that southern Mongolia and northern China, one of the areas for dust origins, had been warm and dry condition, i.e. no snow depth, soil temperature of ~0oC, and cumulative rainfall of 1 mm in February, along with strong surface winds higher than critical wind speed of 6~7.5 m s−1 during 20~21 February. While Jurihe, China, (42o23'56''N, 112o53'58''E) experienced 9,308 μg m−3 of hourly mean surface PM10 during the period, the Asian dust had affected the Korean Peninsula within 24 hours traveling through strong north-westerly wind at ~2 km altitude. KMA issued Asian dust alert from 1100 KST on 22nd to 2200 KST on 23rd since above 400 μg m−3 of hourly mean surface PM10. It is also important to note that, previously to arrival of the Asian dust, the Korean Peninsula was affected by anthropogenic air pollutants (NO3 −, SO4 2−, and NH4 +) originated from the megacities and large industrial areas in northeast China. In addition, this study suggests using various data sets from modeling and observations as well as improving predictability of the ADAM2-Haze model itself, in order to more accurately predict the occurrence and impacts of the Asian dust over the Korean peninsula.
참고문헌 (36)
- R. Arimoto, "Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from Zhenbeitai, China, and Gosan, South Korea, during ACE-Asia", Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(D19) (2004), Wiley-Blackwell[DOI]
- Arimoto, R., "Characterization of Asian dust during ACE-Asia", Global. Planet. Change, 52, pp.23~56 (2006)
- Science algorithms of the EPA Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality(CMAQ)Modeling system, "Byun, D. W.", 22~, pp.EPA (1999), 600[DOI]
- Byun, D. W., "Review of the governing equations, computational algorithm, and other components of the Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling system", Appl. Mech. Rev., 59, pp.51~77 (2006)
- Chen, Y. -S., "Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily mortality in Taipei", Taiwan. Environ. Res, 95, pp.151~155 (2004)
- 조창범, "황사농도 단기예측모델의 PM10 농도와 실측 PM10 농도의 비교- 2006년 4월 7~9일 황사 현상에 대해 -", 대기, 17(1), pp.87~99 (2007), 한국기상학회
- Chun, Y., "The features associated with the Yellow sand phenomenon observed in Korea in wintertime", J. KOSAE, 16, pp.487~497 (2000)
- Chun, Y., "Synopsis, transport, and physical characteristics of Asian dust in Korea", J. Geophys. Res., 106, pp.18461~18469 (2001)
- Chung, K. -Y., "Characteristic synoptic features associated with the transport of Yellow sand to Korea", Atmosphere, 31, pp.45~63 (1995)
- Dee, D. P., "The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system", Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, pp.553~597 (2011)
- Kim, H. -D., "COMS, the new eyes in the sky for geostationary remote sensing. Remote Sens", Advan. Tech. P., pp.235~268 (2012)
- Kim, J., "Transport routes and source regions of Asian dust observed in Korea during the past 40 years (1965~2004)", Atmos. Environ., 42, pp.4778~4789 (2008)
- Kim, M., "Improvement of aerosol optical depth retrieval over Hong Kong from a geostationary meteorological satellite using critical reflectance with background optical depth correction", Remote Sens. Environ, 142, pp.176~187 (2014)
- 김성민, "통합모델의 초기 자료에 대한 예측 민감도 산출 도구 개발", 대기, 21(2), pp.163~172 (2011), 한국기상학회
- Kim, S. -W., "Seasonal and monthly variations of columnar aerosol optical properties over east Asia determined from multi-year MODIS, LIDAR, and AERONET Sun", sky radiometer measurements, 2007, pp.41, 1634~1651
- Kwon, H. -J., "Effects of the Asian dust events on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea", Environ. Res. Section A, 90, pp.1~5 (2002)
- 이은희, "사계절 황사단기예측모델 UM-ADAM2의 2010년 황사 예측성능 분석", 대기, 22(2), pp.245~257 (2012), 한국기상학회[DOI]
- Lee, J., "Algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties over the ocean from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager", Remote Sens. Environ, 114, pp.1077~1088 (2010)
- Lin, T. -H., "Long-range transport of yellow sand to Taiwan in Spring 2000: observed evidence and simulation", Atmos. Environ, 35, pp.5873~5882 (2001)
- Mori, I., "Change in size distribution and chemical composition of kosa (Asian dust) aerosol during long-range transport", Atmos. Environ, 37, pp.4253~4263 (2003)
- Onishi, K., "Atmospheric transport route determines components of Asian dust and health effects in Japan", Atmos. Environ, 49, pp.94~102 (2012)
- Orsini, D. A., "Refinements to the particleinto- liquid sampler (PILS) for ground and airborne measurements of water soluble aerosol composition", Atmos. Environ, 37, pp.1243~1259 (2003)
- 박진수, "황사의 국내 연구동향과 최근 에피소드 분석", 한국대기환경학회지, 29(5), pp.553~573 (2013), 한국대기환경학회[DOI]
- Park, M. E., "New approach to monitor transboundary particulate pollution over Northeast Asia", Atmos. Chem. Phys, 14, pp.659~674 (2014)
- Park, S. -U., "Spatial distributions of aerosol loadings and depositions in East Asia during the year 2010", Atmos. Environ, 107, pp.244~254 (2015)
- Park, S. -U., "The Asian dust aerosol model 2 (ADAM2) with the use of normalized difference vegetation data (NDVI) obtained from the spot4", vegetation data, 2010, pp.101, 191~208
- Park, S. -U., "Asian dust events observed by a 20-m monitoring tower in Mongolia during 2009", Atmos. Environ., 44, pp.4964~4972 (2010)
- Park, S. -U., "Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Heat & Mass", pp.258~263 (2012)
- Prospero, J. M., "Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 96, pp.3396~3403 (1999)
- Lorraine A. Remer, "Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors", Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(D14) (2008), Wiley-Blackwell[DOI]
- Seinfeld, J. H., "ACE-ASIA: Regional climatic and atmospheric chemical effects of Asian dust and pollution", Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc, 85, pp.367~380 (2004)
- Donghuai Sun, "Seasonal variability of modern dust over the Loess Plateau of China", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 108(D21) (2003), Wiley-Blackwell[DOI]
- Sun, J., "Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960~1999: Relations to source area and climate", J. Geophys. Res, 106, pp.10325~10333 (2001)
- David M. Winker, "Initial performance assessment of CALIOP", Geophysical Research Letters, 34(19) (2007), Wiley-Blackwell[DOI]
- Yu, X., "A comparison of dust properties between China continent and Korea, Japan in East Asia", Atmos. Environ., 40, pp.5787~5797 (2006)
- Zhang, D. F., "Simulation of dust aerosol and its regional feedbacks over East Asia using a regional climate model", Atmos. Chem. Phys, 9, pp.1095~1110 (2009)