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정치적 헤브라이즘과 근대 공화주의 담론

Political Hebraism and the Discourse of Modern Republicanism

손민석
한림과학원 (The Hallym Academy of Sciences, Hallym University)|2018.12|개념과 소통 (CONCEPT AND COMMUNICATION)|제22호|pp. 119-162|DOI 10.15797/concom.2018..22.004

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참고문헌

키워드

John Miltonres publica존 밀턴종교와 정치religion and politics정치적 헤브라이즘레스 푸블리카유럽 종교개혁근대 공화주의political HebraismEuropean reformationmodern republicanism
주제분류역사학

초록

종교 근본주의자들의 정치적 도전은 국제정치 이론 안에 팽배해 있던 세속주의전제를 재검토하고 근대 국제질서의 종교적 기원 논의를 심화시켰다. 이 글의 목적은 근대 공화주의 담론의 변화에 영향을 끼친 정치적 헤브라이즘의 한 갈래를추적하는 것이다. 보다 구체적으로는 초기 근대 유럽의 사상가들이 헤브라이 서사를 활용하면서 반군주제 공화주의 담론을 이끌어 낸 정치적 실천을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 해명하기 위해 먼저 고전고대의 공화주의 논의와 공화정을 비군주적 정부형태로 명명하기 시작한 르네상스 공화주의의 담론적 실천을 점검한다. 그리고 종교개혁시기 군주정 반대신학에 영향을 끼친 그리스도교 헤브라이즘의등장을 살펴본다. 종교개혁을 전후로 새롭게 조명된 랍비들의 성서 해석은 군주적 정당성을 약화시키는 데 있어 중요한 계기를 마련했다. 이후 잉글랜드혁명시기에 밀턴은 헤브라이 서사를 통해 군주정을 그 자체로 정당성 없는 정체로 규탄했다. 근대 정치담론의 변화와 종교 전통을 재구성하는 작업은 자의적 지배를 일삼는 권력의 문제와 변혁적 정치에 대한 기대상실이 함께 문제가 되는 오늘날중요한 의미를 지닌다.

Abstract

The political challenge of religious fundamentalism has forced a reexamination of the secular premises prevailing in international political theories, and has deepened the discussion of the religious origins of the modern international order. The purpose of this article is to trace a branch of Political Hebraism which has influenced the evolution of the modern republican discourse. More specifically, it examines the political practices of some early modern European thinkers who used the Hebrew narrative to structure their anti-monarchical republican discourse. The classical antiquity of republicanism is reviewed, and also the discursive practice of Renaissance Republicanism, which began to cite the republic as an exemplary form of non-monarchical government. Meanwhile, Christian Hebraism was emerging, as an anti-monarchic theological influence：biblical reinterpretation by rabbis newly introduced to the post-Reformation Europe provided an important opportunity to weaken monarchical legitimacy. Later, during the English Revolution, Milton made use of the Hebrew narrative to criticize monarchy, per se, as illegitimate. This transformation of the modern political discourse, with its reconstruction of religious traditions, has important ramifications for today’s world, where the arbitrary exercise of power and the lack of appetite for transformational politics are still significant issues.

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