네트워크 및 GIS 분석을 통한 함경도 빈흥과(賓興科) 선발자의 사회적·공간적 특성 분석

Abstract

This study uses network and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis techniques to examine the social and spatial characteristics of selected candidates in the Binheung Examination (賓興科), which was conducted in Hamgyeongdo during the reign of King Jeongjo. This Examination was a special initiative by King Jeongjo which sought to recognize and select talented individuals through a fair process. It was held twice: the Pungpae Binheung Examination of 1795 and the Gwanbuk Binheung Examination of 1797. This study digitized records associated with these examinations, from Bangmok (榜 目) and from Nokmyeongchaek (錄名冊), creating a dataset for the quantitative analysis of kinship networks and geographical mobility patterns. Analysis reveals that the selected candidates considered were strongly con- nected through regional hubs and social networks, which provided them with significant advantages in the Binheung Examination. Network analysis demon- strates that prominent clans, such as the Jangheung Wi (魏氏) and Yongin Yi (李氏), wielded substantial social influence through their kinship and marital ties. These connections enabled frequent participation in the examination, exceptional success in state examinations, and advancement to government positions. GIS analysis visually illustrates the concentration of candidates in regions such as Hamheung, Gyeongseong, and Anbyeon, identifying these locations as centers of education and talent cultivation in Hamgyeongdo. Additionally, these patterns were shaped by early Joseon migration policies to Hamgyeongdo, and also by the region’s unique environmental characteristics. These findings highlight the effectiveness of quantitative approaches in digital history for exploring social and regional dynamics of the Joseon elite. Moreover, this study provides foundational data for future research on regional and familial networks, which will shed light on the broader socio-political landscape of the time.