일제 식민지 시기 ‘위생’ 용어의 사용 양상과 건강 담론의 전개 — 공기어를 매개로 한 어휘 연결망 분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This article aims to identify the context of use of the term ‘위생 (Sanitary)’ throughout the period of Colonial Korea. Corpus data from collected newspaper articles published in the early 20th century were searched to extract the context of co-occurrent words. These were then ordered by frequency, to create corpus networks for each term classified by period. The results of this study revealed that the context surrounding ‘위생’ terms was mainly concerned with epidemic prevention, administrative activities, and wider issues of enlightenment. The emphasis shifted slightly over time, however: in the 1920s, the context of ‘위생’ was focused on epidemic preven- tion and enlightenment, but with the emergence of terms such as ‘사회 (Society)’ in the late 1920s, the context gradually expanded beyond dealing with labor and facilities to include the economy and everyday aspects of life. Thereafter, during the 1930s, the term ‘보건 (Health)’ appeared in the context of physical fitness, and later became a term that mediated public policies. The term ‘위생’ is also seen to expand into the discourse of health during this period. During the wartime period, however, the previous discourse was displaced by a distorted use of ‘위생’ to manage the work force. This kind of analysis can help us understand the contexts and modes of governance to which ‘위생’ referred to in Colonial Korea, and by exploring its relation to the public health policies of the period it is possible to establish a more objective and specific context particular to that era.