当代中国金融创新中的风险与监管 ——兼谈“影子银行”与“监管沙盒”

Abstract

China's financial system has been envolving for thousands of years, providing foundation for the ruling of the feudal empire. The restoration and reconstruction of the contemporary Chinese financial system began in the Chinese Eleventh CPC Central Committee Third Plenary Session, 1978. In the four decades reaching 2018, the financial regulatory framework gradually came into shape, of which the four pillars include the People's Bank of China (hereinafter, PBOC), the China Securities Regulatory Commission (hereinafter, CSRC), the China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter, CBRC) and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter, CIRC) (hereafter together referred to as “One Bank, Three Commissions”). This framework was further adjusted in March 2018 during the First Meeting of The Thirteenth National People's Congress of People's Republic of China. It is now composed of the Financial Stability and Development Committee (hereinafter, FSDC), the PBOC, the CSRC and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter, CBIRC) (hereafter referred to as “One Committee, One Bank, Two Commissions”), gradually developing into an integrated financial supervision network. One of the important factors that contributed to this change was the wild growth of “Chinese-style” shadow banking. The disadvantages of institutional financial regulation and the lack of basic financial legislations must share the blame. At present, a large number of financial innovation companies are striving in China, actively borrowing practical experiences from extraterritorial financial supervision legislations. They are the key in achieving the international competitiveness of financial innovation and the stability of domestic financial markets.