淸代 筆記와 文人, 그리고 지식의 성격

Abstract

This paper is intended to show several characteristics of biji(筆記) which were written in Qing dynasty. Here, I dealt with 17th-19th century’s twelve famous works including Wang Shizhen(王士禎)’s Chibeioutan(池北偶談), Zhao Yi(趙翼)’s Yanbaozaji(簷曝雜記), Li Dou(李斗)’s Yangzhouhuafanglu(揚州畫舫錄) etc. Especially I focused on the changes of Qing dynasty’s biji which do not seem to be distinct but actually have very important meaning. Though the changes are minute, they can reveal a part of literati’s intellectual and cultural conditions of Qing dynasty. What I emphasized in this paper is as follows. First, I pointed out that Qing dynasty’s biji had acted as a media which delivered contemporary knowledge and information. These topics which were principally treated in biji are the following examples, political and military issues, natural disaster and relief activities, contemporary person and family, customs of various race, Western race, religion, animal, commerce etc. Second, Qing dynasty’s biji reveal much more localism than any other dynasty’s. I think that it is related to the development of local culture in Qing dynasty. The fact that Qing dynasty’s local magazine(地方志) accounts for 70% of the existing local magazine in China shows Qing dynasty’s developed local culture. Third, I insisted that Qing dynasty’s biji had the tendency of individualism. Biji included private and different experiences and feelings of the individual in everyday life. This tendency of biji was related to other writings such as diaries and autobiographical writings, which continuously had become popular since 16th century. I maintained the view point that a part of Qing dynasty’s intellectual, cultural conditions and literati’s thoughts were based on these backgrounds. These figures don’t seem to be distinct and didn’t form the main current in biji. However, I think that these phenomena deserve to be thought much of, because these factors had influenced to cause the minute split of solid value and thought system in Chinese traditional society, and had helped to prepare and to go toward modern society.