반성과 지향의 이론적 형식으로서 러시아 언어학의 흐름

Abstract

In this work, I investigate the formation of linguistic theories in Russia from the historical perspective during the two periods: one is the period of traditional grammar, and the other is that of historical grammar before the Marrism. With this temporal distinction, I try to grasp the ἐπιστήμη of each period by investigating the formation of linguistic theories and motivating socio-historical specifications, and then I try to explain the factors by which the preceding theories were substituted with the following. The first authentic Russian traditional grammar by M. V. Lomonosov improved remarkably the insufficiencies of the Church Slavic Grammar of M. Smotrickij by his empirical method. Yet, the conceptual framework of this grammar was very similar to that of Greco-Roman traditional grammars, which proves that the author ignores the linguistic contributions of the rational grammar after Renaissance. If the Lomonosovian grammar failed to explicate the structural particularities of the Russian language, the historical grammar, initiated by the transplantation of the European historical comparative linguistics flavored with its romantic nationalism, could recognize them fully by the end of the nineteenth century. Especially, this was achieved by A. A. Potebnja, F. F. Fortunatov, and Baudouin de Courtenay. By them also, the Russian linguistics could approach the structuralist paradigm. This possibility, however, was destined to take the path of de-Russification. In investigating the above historical process, I focus on the distinctive frameworks of the various theories and the linguistic trends during the two periods. And I tried to make it explicit how and why these theories and trends, though partly conditioned by the ἐπιστήμη of the given epoch, motivate the theories to overcome their epistemic inertia.