廣開土王陵碑의 문장구성과 서사구조

Abstract

The text inscribed upon the Gwang’gae’to-wang Monument iscomposed of three parts, the “Foreword(序頭),” documentation of theking’s achievements(“勳績記事”), and the section containing informationof the burial mound guardian households(“Su’myo-in Yeon’ho, 守墓人烟戶”). The text is written in verse-like sentences containing either fouror six letters. The ‘foreword’ used termination points which indicatedthe beginning and end of paragraphs, but the ‘achievement’ section andthe ‘Su’myo-in’ section after the ‘其辭曰’ part did not use such method,except the ‘之’ at the end of the sentence. The composition and layoutof the text looks similar to those of the tomb epitaphs(墓碑) of the Han(漢)dynasty period. In such Han dynasty cases, the foreword did usetermination points for the paragraphs, but the main section(“銘辭”)beginning with ‘其辭曰’ used 4-letter verses(4言韻文) and did not usetermination points. The Gwang’gae’to-wang Monument text wascomposed of Foreword(序言[A]) and the main section(銘辭[B]), and the‘achievement’ section and the ‘Su’myo-in’ section formed one bigparagraph just like their Han dynasty counterparts. But the narrative structure of the Gwang’gae’to-wang Monument isconsiderably different from those of the Han dynasty tomb epitaphs. Described in the foreword are not only the achievements of KingGwang’gae’to-wang but also the history of the ancestors. This is becausethe text was based upon eulogies(“Rwe’sa, 誄辭”) dictated in the funeraland farewell protocols(葬送儀禮) which considered the lineage andhistory of the past ancestor kings to be very important. This was relatedto the issue of establishing a royal lineage and finalizing the managementsystem of the royal mausoleums. And it seems that the ‘achievement’section and the ‘Su’myo-in’ section are merged with each other in themain section(‘銘辭’), with an intention to inherit KingGwang’gae’to-wang’s tradition of erecting tomb-guarding monuments. So the Gwang’gae’to-wang Monument came to have a unique narrativestructure, showing the section containing a eulogy dictated by the funeralprotocol and the section containing information of the tomb-guardinghouseholds, combined with each other. King Jangsu-wang, who led thetask of erecting the monument for King Gwang’gae’to-wang used thiskind of narrative structure to emphasize upon the singular nature ofthe royal lineage and his father’s incredible accomplishments, anddeclared that he was the one and only guardian of the mausoleums forpast kings as well as the ruler of the general population. In other words,this unique narrative structure served to enhance and reinforce newking Jangsu-wang’s leadership, and to demonstrate it to the entirecountry.