우즈베키스탄의 이슬람 담론과 무슬림 정체성: 영토화와 탈영토화 개념을 중심으로
Islamic Discourse and Muslim Identity in Uzbekistan: Focused on the Concepts of Territorialization and Deterritorialization
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이 글의 목적은 통시적 접근의 채택과 ‘영토화’ 및 ‘탈영토화’ 개념의 적용을 통해 사회현상으로서의 우즈베키스탄 이슬람, 즉 우즈베키스탄 정권의 이슬람 담론과 대중의 무슬림 정체성의 특징을 분석하는 것이다. 포스트소비에트 우즈베키스탄 정권의 이슬람 담론은 국가의 세속성 원칙 주장과 이슬람에 대한 이분법적 인식을 특징으로 나타낸다. 이러한 담론은 제도화를 통한 국가 관리라는 전후 시기 소비에트 정권의 중앙아시아 이슬람 정책과 같은 맥락에서 이해될 수 있는 이슬람 영토화 전략이다. 한편 우즈베키스탄 무슬림 대중의 종교성 수준은 일반적인 고정관념과 달리 그리 높지 않은데, 그렇다고 해서 이들의 삶이 이슬람과 무관한 것은 아니어서 이들은 나름의 다양한 방식과 형태로 무슬림 정체성을 표현ㆍ실천하고 있다. 오랜 과거로 거슬러 올라가는 이러한 우즈베키스탄 무슬림 대중의 다양한 이슬람 관련 행위ㆍ활동은 탈영토화의 움직임으로 해석될 수 있다.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the characteristic features of Islam in Uzbekistan as a social phenomenon, i.e. regime’s Islamic discourse and the public’s Muslim identity in Uzbekistan by adopting a diachronic approach and applying the concepts of ‘territorialization’ and ‘deterritorialization’. Regime’s Islamic discourse in post-Soviet Uzbekistan could be characterized by the assertion of the principle of state secularism and the dichotomous perception of Islam. This is a territorialization strategy that could be understood in the same vein as the Soviet regime’s policy toward Islam in Central Asia in postwar period, i.e. state control through institutionalization. Meanwhile, unlike a general stereotype, the level of religiosity among the Muslim public in Uzbekistan is not very high, but it does not mean that their life is irrelevant to Islam. They are expressing and practicing their Muslim identity on their own terms in a variety of ways and forms. These various Islam-related behaviors and activities of the Muslim public in Uzbekistan, which date back to early times, could be interpreted as a movement of deterritorialization.
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