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비대칭적 상호의존론에 입각한 타지키스탄의 식량안보 분석

Food Security Analysis in Tajikistan Based on Asymmetric Interdependence Theory

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초록

본 연구는 구소련 독립 후 타지키스탄이 내부적으로 식량안보 강화를 위한 정책을 추진했지만, 주요 교역국인 러시아와 카자흐스탄과의 관계 변화에 따라 식량 불안에 처한 것에 주목하여 타지키스탄의 식량안보 문제를 대외적인 관점에서 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 비대칭적 상호의존론에 입각해 타지키스탄의 식량안보를 분석했다. 분석 결과 타지키스탄은 러시아와 카자흐스탄에 대해 높은 비대칭적 상호의존도를 갖고 있음을 도출했으며 실제로 카자흐스탄의 밀 수출 제한, 러시아의 석유 면세 협정취소, 2014년과 2022년 서방의 러시아 경제제재 등 주요 교역국과 관계 변동 시 타지키스탄은 식량 위기에 처했다. 식량안보에서 심각한 비대칭적 관계는 생존 안보에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 타지키스탄은 식량안보 강화를 위해 주요 교역국과의 관계에서 비대칭적 의존도를 줄이고 다른 나라와의 관계를 다각화하며 내부적으로 자립할 수 있도록 경쟁력을 키워야 한다.

Abstract

This study conducted an analysis of Tajikistan's food security issues from an external perspective. Although Tajikistan internally promoted policies to strengthen food security after the independence from the former Soviet Union, but it experiences food instability depending on its relations with Russia and Kazakhstan. As a result, Tajikistan's food security was analyzed based on the theory of asymmetric interdependence. The analysis found that Tajikistan had a high asymmetric interdependence on Russia and Kazakhstan. Tajikistan was in a food crisis when relations with major trading partners changed, including Kazakhstan's wheat export restrictions, Russia's cancellation of oil duty-free agreements, and Western economic sanctions in 2014 and 2022. Serious asymmetrical relationships in food security have a significant impact on survival security. Therefore, Tajikistan should reduce its asymmetric dependence on major trading partners to strengthen food security, diversify relations with other countries, and increase its competitiveness so that it can become internally self-reliant.

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