경상도 함양의 灆溪書院 연구

Abstract

Namgye Seowon of Hamyang county, Gyeongsang province, was established in 1552 in honor of Jeong, Yeo-chang(1450-1504), and received it name and charter in 1566. It is a representative seowon, which survived an edict of the regent Daewongun. "Rustic literati"(Sarim) of Hamyang county including Gang Ik(1523-1567) started to construct it in 7th year of Myongjong. The contruction was been halted owe to objection of local people, famine, unsupportive attitude of subsequent magistrates, but it was completed by the help of nearby Sarim, local magistrates connected to Hamyang, and Sarim of that area who changed their attitude. Sarim played the pivotal role in the contruction and management of seowon, which was established its position as a new organization. Namgye Seowon held regular memorial rites, offered educative instructions and possessed lots of books through donation, purchase and holdings. It performed Gangshin rite every spring and fall and it also offered education in connection to seodang. These kinds of various activities made it one of the important organizations of Yangban Class. Namgye Seowon was under famous scholar Josik’s influence, we can surmise that it would contribute to the growth of officials from Buk-in faction. However the number of people who passed national civil service examinations or served as government officials is very insignificant. So we can question the assertion by Korean textbooks and general history books, which maintains that seowon was the ground that made Sarim flourish and also enagled it to rule the central government. When Namgye Seowon was burnt in 1597 of the japanese invasion, it started to be reconstructed with Singye Seowon nearby. Hamyang sarim had a conflict regarding the change of No Jin’s(1518-1578) and Gang Ik’s placement order of tablets. The struggle seemed to grow into the confrontation of Westerners(Seoin) and Northeners(Bukin). Eventually Singye Seowon was separated and Namgye Seowon was reconstructed at the original location. Namgye Seowon was inclined to support Bukin. After the revolution of King Incho Namgye Seowon gradually supported Southerners(Namin) in order to survive. It established Byeol-myo and commemorated Gang Ik, Jeong On(1569-1641) and Yu Ho-in(1445-1494). In Sookjong, it kept ancestral tablets of Gang Ik, Jeong On with the support of Namin. After Hadong Jeong clan succeeded in surpressing Yi-Injwa uprising, Namgye Seowon showed inclination toward Old Doctrine(Noron) faction by implementing Gyeongwonjang system. In the 19th century, the descendants of Jeong Yeo-chang took the position of Byeolyusa and they got involved with administrating the finance. It caused a strife when they built a monument without any discussion with Hamyang Yangban. Namgye Seowon gradually belonged to a clan, so it could survive when Daewongun ordered the close of seowon. It could remain that it is Jeong Yeo-chang’s seowon who was inducted into the Confucian Shrine(Munmyo).