소련 붕괴 후 마르크스의 에콜로지의 ‘재발견
Rediscovery of Marx’s Ecology after the Collapse of the U.S.S.R.
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이 글은 글로벌 에콜로지컬 위기에 대한 마르크스주의적 비판의 최근의 이론적발전을 추적한다. 마르크스주의가 그 치명적인 생산력주의로 비난받았음에도, 마르크스의 에콜로지는 소련 붕괴 이후에 ‘재발견’되었다. 마르크스의 ‘물질대사 균열’ 개념은 이러한 맥락에서 중심적인 역할을 하는데, 약탈 농업에 대한 마르크스의 비판을 다른 현대적인 에콜로지컬 문제에 적용할 수 있게끔 한다. 또한 『마르크스-엥겔스 전집』(MEGA: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe)에서 새로운 자료가 출판된 결과로, 에코 사회주의의 개념은 마르크스의 정치경제학 비판에 분명히 통합된다. 오늘날에는 마르크스의 에콜로지가 갖는 한계에 대한 반 마르크스주의적 비판과 마르크스가 남긴 유산에 대한 프로메테우스적인 오용 둘 다를 완전히 논박하는 것이가능하다.
Abstract
This paper traces the recent theoretical development of Marxist critique of the global ecological crisis. Even though Marxism was accused of its fatal productivism, Marx’s ecology was ‘rediscovered’ after the collapse of the U.S.S.R. Marx’s concept of ‘metabolic rift’ plays a central role in this context, which enables to apply Marx’s critique of robbery agriculture to other contemporary ecological issues. As a result of the publication of new materials in the Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, the idea of ecosocialism is also clearly integrated into Marx’s critique of political economy. Today, it is possible to fully refute both the anti-Marxist critique of limitations of Marx’s ecology and the Promethean misappropriation of Marx’s legacy.
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