전 지구적 생태 위기의 시대에 마르크스의 물질대사 이론 (도이처 기념상 수상 강연문)
Marx’s Theory of Metabolism in the Age of Global Ecological Crisis
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기존 질서가 기후 위기의 해결책을 제공하지 못하는 가운데 기후 위기에 대한해결책 제시는 급진 좌파의 몫이 되었다. 이에 따라 카를 마르크스의 생태사회주의사고가 그 어느 때보다 중요하게 되었다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 이스트번 메자로스(István Mészáros)의 ‘사회적 물질대사’ 이론과 이를 계승한 존 벨러미 포스터(John Bellamy Foster), 브렛 클락(Brett Clark) 등의 ‘물질대사 균열 학파’의 유산뿐 아니라카를 마르크스 자신의 물질대사 이론을 재검토할 필요가 있다. 20세기 내내 등한시되어 온 마르크스의 물질대사 이론의 중요성을 조명하기 위해 본 논문은 마르크스의 ‘물질대사 균열’ 개념을 세 가지 수준으로 분류하고자 한다. 이에 따라 ‘물질대사전가’라는 개념도 세 가지 수준으로 분류되면서 전 지구적 생태 위기의 시대에 마르크스의 포스트자본주의 이론을 새롭게 갱신하는 기초가 될 것이다.
Abstract
When the existing order cannot offer a solution, the solution to climate crisis must come from radical left, and this is precisely why Karl Marx’s idea of ecosocialism is all the more important than ever. In this context, it is worth revisiting not only the legacy of István Mészáros’s theory of ‘social metabolism’ and his successors, who can be categorized as the ‘metabolic rift school’ such as John Bellamy Foster and Brett Clark, but also Karl Marx’s own theory of metabolism. In order to highlight the contemporary importance of Marx’s theory of metabolism after its long suppression in the 20th century, this paper aims at classifying the three different levels of Marx’s concept of ‘metabolic rift’, which also leads to clarifying three different levels of ‘metabolic shift’ as the theoretical foundation for updating Marx’s theory of postcapitalism in the age of global ecological crisis.
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