南冥의 문학과 교육을 통해 본 實踐躬行과 因人施敎

Abstract

This study is about the literature and education of Cho, Shik (Nammyeong), who established the Nammyeong Sect in Gyeongsangu-do in the early 16th Century to balance out the Toigye Sect in Gyeongsangjoa-do. The focus of this study is the idea of Silcheongunghaeng that is reflected on his principles of respect and faith in his literature and his view of Hahaksangdal of Ininsigyo in his education. Nammyeong wrote a letter to Toigye to criticize Toigye's focus on the theoretical aspect. Nammyeong wrote that the characteristic of the 16th Century Sung Confucianism is "discourse of the universe through the mouth." Nammyeong insisted that practical ideas of physical science are more important than the theoretical discussions of metaphysics. Kim, Woo Ong, one of Nammyeong's pupils, wrote in his reminiscence of Nammyeong that "Practical knowledge is very helpful." Nammyeong emphasized Silcheongunghaeng of respect and faith in his 「Eonhaengchongrok」 and 「Mujinbongsa」. In his <Yokcheon>, he showed how to have respect at heart to practice faith, and in his <Gyeongjeon>, he encouraged people to pursue practical philosophies that are actually useful in real life. Nammyeong's devotion to practical knowledge was the starting point of practical science in the late Joseon Dynasty. Nammyeong's Ininsigyo education is teaching people based on the intellectual capacity of learners. When teaching people, it is important to provide education that fits learner's age and capacity to maximize their abilities and talents. Based on this idea, Nammyeong employed appropriate teaching methods for pupils that have intellectual excellence and had pupils with hasty characters ride on slow oxen so they can learn to go slow. This method of education corresponded to Confucius' Ininsigyo education. In his 「Myogalmyeong」 and 「Hakgiyupyeon」, Nammyeong stressed that Hahak is important in education. Jung, Gu, who believed that education must benefit people, is the pupil of Oh, Gun, who was a pupil of Nammyeong, and Heo, Mok, who was directly related to the Late Practical Science Sect, was Jung's pupil. The principles of practical education of Jung, Gu and Heo, Mok, and the bibliographical interpretation of Gyeongjeon greatly influenced Yi, Ik, the authority of practical science. In this respect, Nammyeong's Ininsigyo education and Silcheongunghaeng education, which means learning the basics to pursue the higher, became the starting point of practical science that bloomed in the late Joseon Dynasty.