Class Cleavages and the Developmental State: The Labor Movement in Yusin Korea
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The Korean labor market is noted for its pronounced dual-structure with sharp division in wages and working conditions between regular (chŏnggyujik) and nonregular (pijŏnggyujik) workers. While this latest manifestation is due largely to labor market liberalization in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, dualism has been a persistent feature of the Korean labor market since the Yusin Period. How did the state’s turn toward export-oriented development in the 1970s lead to this bifurcation in the labor market, and how were workers integrated into the production process under this two-tier structure? Further, how and along what lines did class cleavages form under such conditions and to what extent could they be sublated through a labor movement under the heavy scrutiny of the Yusin state? By surveying the process of production in Yusin Korea’s light industries, state and management-led efforts to disrupt the labor movement through the exploitation of class cleavages, and efforts to withstand these divisions led by women in these industries and their activist allies, this paper will help to answer these questions while eschewing determinist explanations and restoring agency to a politically conscious, yet problematized working class.
Abstract
The Korean labor market is noted for its pronounced dual-structure with sharp division in wages and working conditions between regular (chŏnggyujik) and nonregular (pijŏnggyujik) workers. While this latest manifestation is due largely to labor market liberalization in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, dualism has been a persistent feature of the Korean labor market since the Yusin Period. How did the state’s turn toward export-oriented development in the 1970s lead to this bifurcation in the labor market, and how were workers integrated into the production process under this two-tier structure? Further, how and along what lines did class cleavages form under such conditions and to what extent could they be sublated through a labor movement under the heavy scrutiny of the Yusin state? By surveying the process of production in Yusin Korea’s light industries, state and management-led efforts to disrupt the labor movement through the exploitation of class cleavages, and efforts to withstand these divisions led by women in these industries and their activist allies, this paper will help to answer these questions while eschewing determinist explanations and restoring agency to a politically conscious, yet problematized working class.
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