구제역 진단법 연구개발 현황 (총설)
Status of Research and Development of Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnosis (Review)
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초록
구제역은 발생 시 전염이 쉽게 일어나며 심각한 경제적 피해를 일으키는 질병이다. 구제역의 방역정책은 발견 직후 빠른 살처분이 최선책이나, 전파 속도나 상황 등에 따라 타지역 백신 접종 등의 방법을 시행할 수도 있다. 이러한 방법을 적용하기 위해서는 구제역을 빠르고 정확하게 진단할 필요성이 있다. 개발된 진단법들은 구제역의 확진, 혈청형의 동정, 백신 접종 후 항체의 생성 확인 등에 사용된다. 많은 진단법들이 개발되었지만 아직은 빠른 시간 내에 검출이 가능하며 동시에 정확성도 가진 방법이 드물다. 그렇기에 기존의 방법들을 개선시킨 새로운 진단법이 필요하다. 현재는 대부분 혈청학적 진단법인 ELISA에 의존하거나 분자 유전학적 기술인 PCR을 사용한다. 가장 최근 기술은 그 둘을 합치는 방법으로, 어떻게 하면 더 신속하고 저비용이면서, 민감하고 정확한 방법이 될 수 있을지 연구가 진행되고 있다.
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a infection that can easily spread when it occurs and causes serious economic damage because of the existence of multiple serotypes of the virus and extreme contagiousness. The most effective method in preventing the transmission of FMD virus (FMDV) is the culling of livestock and additional vaccination in the other areas depending on the spreading rate and situation. Diagnostic methods are utilized not only for the definite diagnosis of FMD but also for identification of serotype, and confirmation of antibody production after vaccination. Although many methods have been developed to diagnose, they are not still enough to detect accurately the disease in a short time. Therefore, it has been needed new diagnostic methods improved from existing methods. Previous methods were based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a serological diagnostic method, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is a molecular genetic method. The recent technology has been performing about the combination of both methods and how to make it faster, less costly, more sensitive and accurate way.
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