The Rise and Fall of State Feudalism in China
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This paper interprets China’s socialist transition from the Maoist to the Dengist period as the rise and fall of state feudalism. Our result stems from a class-focused frame which uses class process of surplus labour as the entry point and overdetermined contradictions of class and non-class processes as the mode of analysis. Contrary to conventional renditions of the Maoist period as a case of socialism or state capitalism, the institutions of rural communes and urban danweis are uncovered here as nurturing state feudal class structures. The roles of ownership structure, planning, hukou, CCP and state are revisited as provider of non-class conditions of existence of the state feudal class structures. Despite acknowledging the importance of non-class process of price scissor, any inferred association of price scissor with primitive accumulation, capitalist or socialist, is rejected. The subsequent Dengist period is revealed as having dismantled the erstwhile state feudal class structures and their associated conditions of existence, where the set of reforms is analysed as having laid the ground for the appearance of capitalist class structures, state and private. Our paper is throughout underpinned by a non-Eurocentric, non-teleological approach to transition whereby feudalism per se is not associated with the past but may very well reappear in the context of a contemporary society, illustrated in the case of Maoist China through the countenance of state feudalism.
Abstract
This paper interprets China’s socialist transition from the Maoist to the Dengist period as the rise and fall of state feudalism. Our result stems from a class-focused frame which uses class process of surplus labour as the entry point and overdetermined contradictions of class and non-class processes as the mode of analysis. Contrary to conventional renditions of the Maoist period as a case of socialism or state capitalism, the institutions of rural communes and urban danweis are uncovered here as nurturing state feudal class structures. The roles of ownership structure, planning, hukou, CCP and state are revisited as provider of non-class conditions of existence of the state feudal class structures. Despite acknowledging the importance of non-class process of price scissor, any inferred association of price scissor with primitive accumulation, capitalist or socialist, is rejected. The subsequent Dengist period is revealed as having dismantled the erstwhile state feudal class structures and their associated conditions of existence, where the set of reforms is analysed as having laid the ground for the appearance of capitalist class structures, state and private. Our paper is throughout underpinned by a non-Eurocentric, non-teleological approach to transition whereby feudalism per se is not associated with the past but may very well reappear in the context of a contemporary society, illustrated in the case of Maoist China through the countenance of state feudalism.
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