1920·30년대 ＂시험지옥＂의 사회적 담론과 실체

Abstract

A purpose of this article is to investigate the social emergence and the reality of discourse of "examination hell" in 1920․30's. The examination is the admission examination. The main data of research are the official gazettes, the annual reports of statistics, newspapers, magazines, memoirs and etc in 1920․30's. The social discourse of "examination hell" emerges from admission examination in primary schools and high competitive rate in secondary and higher education. And the social discourse emerges from needs and responds of the press, the educational society, and Government-general. The realities of the discourse are as follows : 1) high competitive rate, which reaches averagely 3-5:1 admission examination competitive rate in secondary and higher education. But there are differences in the competitive rate between rural communities and cities, men and women. 2) dichotomization of social success and failure, which distorts educational activities to screening activities. 3) classical and national discrimination, which is concealed from "fairness" ideology of examination of Government-general. In conclusion, the social emergence of discourse of "examination hell" is related to perspective differences about admission examination between intellectuals, Government-general, and the people.