[Special Issue] Introduction: Energy and Mineral Resources in North Korean Security and Sustainability

Abstract

Addressing the DPRK nuclear weapons issue requires that the DPRK rebuild its economy in peaceful ways that avoid illicit or sanctioned activities. Two major components of this economic transformation are the state’s mineral sector and energy sector, which must have the infrastructure to support economic growth. Accurately assessing the DPRK energy and mineral sectors is challenging, given the significant amount of inaccurate data on the subject. However, unless such policy-relevant data and analysis can be generated, it is impossible for decisionmakers to determine how to engage the DPRK in a meaningful way. From a DPRK perspective, such analysis is equally critical because it is evident that substantial rehabilitation of the energy sector and development of the mineral sector is impossible without external assistance. The following papers contained in this special edition of the KJDA outline the status of the energy and mineral sectors and paint a bleak picture of North Korea: a decaying energy infrastructure, mines lacking adequate supplies and fuel, and a crippled energy sector unable to support commercial development that now functions at a fraction of its output 20 years ago. However, three options for engaging the DPRK are available: 1) Cooperative energy efficiency projects in the DPRK. 2) Working with the DPRK to ensure that the pilot light water reactor at Yongbyon complies with proper design and construction standards. 3) Assisting the DPRK with minerals-sector development,including providing markets for the minerals produced.