The Vietnam War, Korea’s Opportunity for More Reliable Security Assurances
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Most studies on the decision by the Republic of Korea (ROK) to send troops intocombat in the Vietnam War share an assumption that the ROK did not actuallywant to dispatch them. However, some historical sources show that since thearmistice agreement of the Korean War the ROK had tried to send troops todefeat the communists, and it was rather the United States that had dissuaded theROK from doing so—until the United States was faced with unexpected difficultyin the ground warfare in 1965. By reviewing existing data and unearthing newdocuments, this paper clarifies why the ROK had tried to send the combat troopsfor a long period of time. According to research findings, it was not just to obtainmore military and economic compensation from the United States. It was ratherto gain more reliable security assurances for the ROK’s own survival. At thetime, the ROK was dissatisfied with the deficient bilateral alliance with the UnitedStates and had pursued institutionalization of a new regional collective securityregime to replace SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). The ROK expectedthe dispatch to create an opportunity to initiate such a regime. These attemptscould be seen as commendable. However, the attempts ended in failure, even thoughthe ROK actually dispatched them, because the attempts required a change of thefirmly established San Francisco System.
Abstract
Most studies on the decision by the Republic of Korea (ROK) to send troops intocombat in the Vietnam War share an assumption that the ROK did not actuallywant to dispatch them. However, some historical sources show that since thearmistice agreement of the Korean War the ROK had tried to send troops todefeat the communists, and it was rather the United States that had dissuaded theROK from doing so—until the United States was faced with unexpected difficultyin the ground warfare in 1965. By reviewing existing data and unearthing newdocuments, this paper clarifies why the ROK had tried to send the combat troopsfor a long period of time. According to research findings, it was not just to obtainmore military and economic compensation from the United States. It was ratherto gain more reliable security assurances for the ROK’s own survival. At thetime, the ROK was dissatisfied with the deficient bilateral alliance with the UnitedStates and had pursued institutionalization of a new regional collective securityregime to replace SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). The ROK expectedthe dispatch to create an opportunity to initiate such a regime. These attemptscould be seen as commendable. However, the attempts ended in failure, even thoughthe ROK actually dispatched them, because the attempts required a change of thefirmly established San Francisco System.
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