진로의사결정에 영향을 미치는 개인 및 환경적 요인 탐색: 한국과 미국대학생 사례
Exploring Individual and Environmental Variables Affecting College Students' Career Decision-Making: Focusing on Korean and U.S. Samples
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 개인적 ․ 환경적 요인의 영향에 주목하여 대학생의 진로의사결정 과정을 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 즉, 개인적 요인은 성별, 전공-직업흥미 일치도와 진로의사결정 적응력(CDA) 각 하위요인에 해당하고 환경적 요인은 대학 학습기간과 한국/미국의 영향요인이 이에 해당한다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 진로의사결정 집단과 진로미결정 집단 결정에 관여하는 변인으로 성별, CDA, 한국/미국, 대학학습 기간, 전공-직업흥미 일치도를 설정하였다. 연구대상은 한국 대학생과(145명) 미국 대학생(131명)에 대하여 자료를 수집하였고, 측정도구는 진로의사결정 적응력 척도와 진로미결정 척도를 활용하였다. 우선 준비부족 유형･정보부족 유형･비일관정보 유형･미분화 A･B･C･D･E유형의 총 8개 유형으로 분류하였고 χ2 검증 결과 집단간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 다음으로 진로의사결정 집단과 진로미결정 집단 구분에 영향을 미치는 변인을 파악하고자 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석한 결과, 한국/미국, 정보수집(IG), 지연(PR), 결정속도(SP)만이 집단 구분의 결정요인으로 유의미하게 도출되었다. 특히 PR, SP, IG, 한국/미국 순으로 집단 구분에 영향력이 큰 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 선행연구와 같이 한국과 미국의 문화적 차이는 집단 구분을 위한 유의미한 변수로 도출되었으며, 한국 대학생들이 진로의사결정 수준이 더 낮았음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 대학생의 개인적 ․ 환경적 요인에 따른 독특한 특성을 파악하고 문화적 차이를 함께 고려한다면 진로결정 어려움을 덜 수 있는 유용한 개입방법이 도출 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which college students can make effective career decision-making by focusing on the influence of individual and environmental factors. Design/Methods: Individual factors include gender, major-job interest congruence, and sub-factors of career decision adaptability (CDA), and environmental factors include period of university study and Korea/US. In this study, we used gender, CDA, Korea/U.S., college study period, and major-job interest congruence to identify career decision-making and career undecided groups. The participants of this study were 145 Korean and 131 American college students. Findings/Results: We identified eight different types of career-indecision. The chi-square test also revealed a significant difference between the groups. A logistic regression analysis revealed that only Korea/U.S., IG, PR, and SP were found to be significant factors in classifying the career decision-making group and the career undecided group. Especially, PR, SP, IG, and Korea/U.S. showed the strongest influence on the group classification. Values: In conclusion, Korean college students were less likely to be career decided than U.S. students. These findings contribute to developing career intervention strategies in diminishing career decision-making difficulties of college students.
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