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자율적 외재동기의 효과 재조명: 설명적 근거 제공 전략을 중심으로

Revisiting the effects of autonomous extrinsic motivation: Educational practice of rationale provision

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참고문헌

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주제분류교육학

초록

학생들의 학습동기를 증진하기 위한 교육학자 및 교사들의 관심과 노력은 전통적으로 내재동기에 집중되어 온 경향이 있다. 그러나 학년이 올라갈수록 흥미롭지는 않지만 중요한 학습과제에 직면하게 되는 교육현실을 감안할 때, 학습동기의 증진을 위해 외재동기의 자기결정성 증진에 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자율적 외재동기의 효과에 초점을 맞추고, 자기결정성 동기를 증진할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 내재동기와 동일시조절의 효과를 비교하고 내사조절 효과의 양면성을 살펴보았으며, 이를 바탕으로 자율적 외재동기의 증진을 위해 학습과제에 대해 자기관련성을 찾고 내재화를 증진할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 특히 설명적 근거를 제공함으로써 어떻게 내재화가 증진되는지, 설명적 근거는 어떻게 제공되어야 하는지, 그리고 효과적인 설명적 근거는 어떠한 내용을 담아야 하는지 기대-가치 이론, 생애목표이론, 미래시간관점을 포괄적으로 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 지금까지 국내에서 진행된 자기결정성 동기 연구의 제한점을 제시하고, 학습과제의 유용성과 자기관련성을 중심으로 후속연구 및 교육실천의 방향을 제안하였다.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to review the relationship between motivational regulation types and academic outcomes and to suggest ways to enhance self-determination of learning motivation by highlighting the positive effects of autonomous extrinsic motivation. Design/methodology/data/approach: The effects of intrinsic motivation and identified regulation were compared, and controversial effects of introjected regulation were reviewed. Expectancy-value theory, goal contents theory, and future time perspective were reviewed to derive implications for internalization. Findings/Results: Extrinsic motivation can be internalized to become an autonomous motivation by providing students with convincing rationale and helping them find personal relevance and utility values in their learning tasks. This study discussed how the provision of convincing rationale enables internalization, how to provide rationale, and what effective rationale should be included. Value: By emphasizing the positive effects of autonomous extrinsic motivation, this study suggested practical and relevant ways to enhance students' motivation for learning. This study also suggested the direction and prospects of future research on self-determined motivation.

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