독일 소련군정기(1945ｰ1949)의 교육정책과 소련점령지역의 독일인 선전(宣傳)조직에 대한 고찰

Abstract

In this Study, the author analyses the education policy of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAG) and the east Germans' response to such policy in the Soviet Zone of Occupation in Germany. Right after the Second World War, the SMAG's most important task was to reconstruct material destruction in Germany. Consequently, SMAG did not pay attention to the education policy. Additionally, the Soviets did not want to alter the traditional German education policies which were governed by the Land governments. The SMAG also did not want to replace the German education policymakers who had participated in the education reform movement in the Weimar Republic. Thus, during the early stage of its occupation, the SMAG maintained the traditional German education policies which focused on the denazification and democrization under the principle of “antifasisticｰdemocratic school reform”. However, from 1948, the SMAG's education policy began to focus on the sovietization and centralization. Due to the introduction of the Marshall Plan and the currency reform, Europe was facing the new policy environment, the Cold War. There was a growing tension caused by the ideological antagonism between East and West. The SMAG began to use schools as a political tool in order to implement its policy of the sovietization and centralization in the Soviet Zone. For example, the Soviet officials tried to uniformly regulate educational activities in their Zone from Berlin. Numerous educational institutions under the Influence of Moscow were established in this Zone. Also, the German Communists and Socialists worked together with the Soviets and supported the implementation of the SMAG's educational policy. The Germans in the Soviet Zone were reeducated to be a new type of communistic humans through this ideological and political education system by the SMAG.