遣灾之神 - 雷州市地区舞傩活动的傩神研究
The Deities Driving Away the Evil Spirits - The Nuo Deities in the Nuo Dance in the Leizhou City Area
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Located on the Leizhou peninsular in Guangdong Province, Leizhou is at the very southern end of the continent in China, which is very far away from the culture center in central China. Benefited from the special geographic location and historical background, nuo 傩survived in the area. Leizhou city used to be the core area of the peninsular, and also the main region of the nuo activity. A tradition of a thunder god leading five generals as the nuo deities was developed here. Leizhou has a long history of worshiping the thunder god from prehistory time. Therefore scholars in the past believed that this is the reason why the thunder god became the nuo deity in this area. However, nowadays, the nuo performance in Leizhou is led by the Daoist priests according to the proper ritual. The nuo deities who actually drives away the evil spirits are the generals in the thunder department in the standard Daoist pantheon. Then, what is the relationship between the thunder god in natural worship and the thunder god in Daoist ritual? In addition, the study on nuo in the past only focused on deities represented by the nuo masks. At Leishou, it is common to carry out statues of the deities worshipped in the village when the villagers perform the nuo. These statues of the deities cover a wide range of local deities. Then, who are the deities actually drive away the evil spirits? This study reveals that all gods participate in the nuo in Leizhou. And this paper further discusses the function and nature of the various deities in the nuo.
Abstract
Located on the Leizhou peninsular in Guangdong Province, Leizhou is at the very southern end of the continent in China, which is very far away from the culture center in central China. Benefited from the special geographic location and historical background, nuo 傩survived in the area. Leizhou city used to be the core area of the peninsular, and also the main region of the nuo activity. A tradition of a thunder god leading five generals as the nuo deities was developed here. Leizhou has a long history of worshiping the thunder god from prehistory time. Therefore scholars in the past believed that this is the reason why the thunder god became the nuo deity in this area. However, nowadays, the nuo performance in Leizhou is led by the Daoist priests according to the proper ritual. The nuo deities who actually drives away the evil spirits are the generals in the thunder department in the standard Daoist pantheon. Then, what is the relationship between the thunder god in natural worship and the thunder god in Daoist ritual? In addition, the study on nuo in the past only focused on deities represented by the nuo masks. At Leishou, it is common to carry out statues of the deities worshipped in the village when the villagers perform the nuo. These statues of the deities cover a wide range of local deities. Then, who are the deities actually drive away the evil spirits? This study reveals that all gods participate in the nuo in Leizhou. And this paper further discusses the function and nature of the various deities in the nuo.
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