바베이도스 생물문화유산: 날치에 관한 분석
Barbadian Bio-cultural Heritage: an Analysis of the Flying Fish
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날치(flying fish)는 유형의 생물 종이다. 그러나 바베이도스에서 날치는국가적 자랑거리이자 대표산업을 상징하고 나라의 표어 역할을 하는등 무형의 유산까지 창출한다. 은화에도 새겨져 있고, 바베이도스 관광청 로고에도 등장한다. 바베이도스에는 독특한 날치 손질법 및 요리법이 다양하게 존재하고, 이런 요리법이 전통 음식의 중심을 이룬다. 그러나 바베이도스 근해에서 날치가 점차 사라지면서 관련 전통 역시 사라질 위기에 처했다. 바베이도스 문화유산의 아이콘인 이 어종을 보호할 규제책은 전무한 실정이다. 해양경계 및 어업분쟁, 여기에 어업의 수익성을저해하는 가격통제정책으로 인해 위협받고 있다. 또한 50년 뒤에도 여전히 이 어종을 수확할 어민이 남아 있을지 장담할 수 없고, 무엇보다 기후변화로 인해 바베이도스 근해 날치가 멸종될 수도 있다. 과연 날치를 바베이도스의 대표 아이콘으로 유지해야 할 것인가? 반대하는 사람도 없지 않지만, 설문 대상자였던 바베이도스인 대다수는 날치가 나라의 유산으로 보존되어야 한다는 데 찬성했다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 바베이도스의 무형유산전통을 상징하는 이 전통의 보존법에 대해 논한다.
Abstract
The flying fish is a tangible species, but to Barbados it is a quintessential aspect of intangible heritage: a symbol of Barbadian pride and industry – the country’s motto. It adorns the silver dollar coin and is on the logo of the Barbados Tourism Authority. Barbados has its own unique ways of preparing and cooking the flying fish, and it is part of the national cuisine. But the availability of the species is at risk, as are its associated traditions, and there is no regulatory framework to protect this icon of national heritage. It is threatened by a maritime boundary and fisheries dispute, it struggles under the legacy of price controls that hamper the profitability of the fishing industry, it is uncertain whether there will still be people to harvest the species in the next fifty years, there is a significant variability in abundance which could affect the accessibility of flying fish to Barbadians, and climate change could lead to the local extinction of flying fish. So should the flying fish continue to be the leading icon of Barbados? Although not a unanimous decision, the majority of Barbadians surveyed felt that the flying fish should be preserved as part of the island’s heritage. Therefore, recommendations are made here for the preservation of this representative of local intangible heritage traditions.
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