국가안보관련법 제개정 논의에 대한 연구- 국가정보 시스템의 체계적인 구축을 위하여
The Study on the discussion of the Intelligence Community reform and legislation of National Security relating Laws - For the systematic rebuilding of the National Intelligence Machinery
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국가정보(National Intelligence)는 상대세력의 의도와 능력에 대한 지적 인지물(認知物)로, 국가정책의 기본 자료이다. 냉전시대의 전통적인 군사안보 문제 이외에도 우방과 적국의 구분이 없는 산업 스파이를 포함한 경제정보 영역은 물론이고, 국제테러, 국제마약, 국제조직범죄, 사이버 안보 문제 같은 초국가적안보위협세력이 새로운 국가안보 목록에 추가된 오늘날의 글로벌 경쟁환경에서, 국가정보기구의 역할은 그 중요성을 더하고 있는 것이 각국의 현실이다. 그러나 민주 법치국가에서의 국가정보는 국내정보 활동에 관한 한, 법의 지배(rule of Law)의 대원칙을 전제로 하여야 하고, 그러므로 정보와 법집행 그리고 정보와 정책(policy)의 명백한 구분을 인식해야 한다. 더불어 경찰, 검찰 같은 법집행 기구가 기본이 되는 정책공동체의 담당영역인 국내에서의 사회치안과 공공질서를 포함한 국토안보(Home Land Security) 문제와 국가정보기구의 임무 영역인 국가안보(National Security) 문제에 대한 개념 구분과, 그에 대한 정확한 이해는 국가정보기구의 임무 범위를 확정한다는 점에서도 매우 중요하다. 비록 국가정보기구가 많은 국가비밀을 가지고 있고 우수한 인적 물적 정보자산을 가지고 있어서, 법집행 영역을 포함한 국가정책의 어떤 분야에서도 훌륭하게 역할 할 능력이 있음은 사실이다. 그러나 그것은 소위 정보 통치를 의미하는 것으로 민주 법치국가에서는 허용될 수 없음이 명백하다. 본고에서는 법집행과 정책 그리고 국토안보 문제와 구분되는 특성을 갖는 이러한 국가정보에 대한 근본적인 이해를 바탕으로 하고, 정보기구의 개혁의 원인과 동기가 되는 정보실패(Intelligence failure)에 대한 인식을 명백히 하면서, 오늘날 논의되는 국가정보원법 개정안을 포함한 국가안보관련법에 대한 비판적 고찰을 행하였다.
Abstract
National Intelligence gives the Government a vital edge in tackling some of the most difficult problems we face. In combination with other information, such as that of policy community, national Intelligence: forewarns us of threats to our national security; helps the Government promote international stability; provides support and protection to our forces; contributes to our economic health; strengthens our efforts against terrorism and serious crime. This article reviews what our Intelligence and security Agencies want to do with the revising and making the so called National Security relating laws. It also contains details of the other country's experiences and Intelligence effort. Nowadays, so called supra-national threats are diverse. It identifies broad threats to the global world: Terrorism, Energy dependency, International Organized Crime, Cyber Security, Weapons of mass destruction (WMD). These threats are supra-national, often involve non-state actors and cross traditional national boundaries. Among them, the threats to the international peace and security caused by terrorism has serious consequences for humanity. It debases the traditional ethos on which States and Societies are founded. Therefore, we needs to cooperate with its allies more closely and adopt a security paradigm that dissolves the traditional distinction between foreign and domestic security. Hence, this paper emphases that just making plan and posts are not sufficient. The National Intelligence Agencies(elements) must produce the most efficient, precise and timely national Intelligence. In order to prevent from the attack of supra-national threats including international terrorist networks, it requires a mix of foreign and domestic policies and a wide spectrum of instruments raging from military to police, from Intelligence gathering to development and education. This article sees and exams the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA) as the most new case of U.S. One of the main points of the law was to create the new position of director of national Intelligence, separate from the CIA director, to direct and manage the activities of agencies across the Intelligence community and serve as the principal adviser to the president for national Intelligence concerns. From this point of view, this article also emphases and makes suggestion to rebuild the whole National Intelligence machinery of the Republic of Korea.
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