1920년대 재북경 한인 革命社의 『革命』 발간과 혁명운동

Abstract

In this article I examined “Revolutionary Sciety” which was organized in Peking, China by communists in the middle of 1920s. I reviewed the course of formation of “Revolutionary Society” and the communist revolutionism in “Revolution” published by “Revolutionary Society”, and then examined its organizational activities and revolutionary movement. As “Changjo faction” passed severe criticism on the communists in 1924, and criticism on the communists by “Korean Anarchist League in China” and Korean anarchists who belonged to “Heukgi League - an anti-Japanese secret society” deepened, the communists in Peking established “Revolutionary Society” at the end of 1924 to meet such criticism. The leading figures in its establishment were the communists in Peking, that is, Jang Geon-San, Yang Myeong, Kim Yong-Chan, Kim Seong-Sook, Jang Ji-Rak, Kim Bong-Hwan, Yoon Jong-Mook, Cha Eung-Joon, Lee Nak-Goo, Lee Min-Chang and others, who had close relations with Koryo Communist Party in Irkutsk, Russia. “Revolutionary Society” collected members like Heo Jang-Hwan, Ahn Gwang- Cheon, Ha Won-Pil, Han Lim, Park Rak-Jong, and others in Tokyo, Japan and organized Tokyo branch, and established branches and contacts at home, and in Shanghai, Manchuria, Moscow, etc. The Society published the magazine “Revolution” one time a month or two times a month from the first of January, 1925 till the first of March, 1927 and disseminated the communist revolutionism. In “Revolution” they let the people know the situation of political oppression and economic exploitation in Korea and explained that Korea’s revolution was not a political revolution getting out of rule of a different race but a social revolution aiming at the basic reform of social and economic system, that is, the communist revolution. And they thought this could be achieved not by gradual improvement but by an armed revolution by the people. With such a decision, they insisted that petit bourgeois revolitionism, feudalistic socialism, unionism, no revolutionary communists should be separated and the communist camp should be unified internally by the revolutionary communists in “revolution”. In this position, they advocated that the front of revolutionary communism and the front of revolutionary nationalism should be unified and welcomed the formation of the Promotion Meeting in Peking of the Grand Independence Party and the union of “Shinganhwe - anti-Japanese organization” and “Minheunwe - anti-Japanese organization” in “Revolution”. And they supported Russia which was the headquarters of communism in order to complete the communist revolution in Korea and frankly expressed their opinion to support the Chinese revolution. But as the movement of a Japanese proletarian party would reflected the Japanese position and could not represent the position of the Korean people, they took a position not to take part in the movement. The members of “Revolutionary Society” organized revolutionary groups and carried out revolutionary activities. First of all, they formed “Koryo Students Group in Peking” and “Social Science Study Group in Peking”, and combined the Korean students who sympathized with communism and carried out propaganda activity of communism. And then they dispatched YangMyeong, Ahn Gwang-Cheon, Kim Yong-Cheon and Ha Pil-Won to Korea and organized the 3rd and 4th Joseon Communist Party and Koryo Communist Young Men’s Association. They worked for the bodies as the leaders. Jang Geon-Sang and Kim Yong-Chan participated in the Promotion Meeting in Peking of the Grand Independence Party to form the united front and carried out the activity to establish “National Unique Party”. Kim Seong-Sook and Jang Ji-Rak went to Guanzhou to participate in the Chinese communist revolution and organized “Korean Revolutionary Young Men’s Association in Guanzhou” and “Korean Revolutionary Comrades’ Association in Guanzhou” and instilled the communist revolutionary ideas into the hearts of the people through the publication of “Revolutionary Movement”, and participated in Uprising in Guanzhou and would work as an agent of the Soviet government in Guanzhou.