제주도 조천만세운동의 역사적 배경과 전개

Abstract

The independence movement, which took place four times from March 21 to 24, 1919 in Jocheon, Jeju Island, changed the landscape of the region by suggesting the direction for independence to the people of Jeju Island on the periphery of Korea. Because of this in silence which adapted the colony of Japanese imperialism which were judged to be nervous, and authorities dispersed throughout the province the anti-Japanese forces that is activated. To provide. Jocheon-ri became the epicenter of the anti-Japanese movement as a state-run port, where cultural exchanges were more active than other areas of Jeju. In addition to the geographical characteristics of Jocheon, it is closely related to the influence of exile in the center, the high enthusiasm for the study of theology, and the acceptance of the new culture due to the introduction of Christianity influenced by Lee Seung-hoon. This led to the reorganization of the local order by Choe Ik-hyeon and other political guests of the Wijeongcheoksapa, as well as by the emergence of young people of Gaehwapa such as Park Young-hyo and Kim Yun-sik, and the ideological influence was spread through the Jocheon-sook and Shinmyeong-sa-sook, which not only served as the basis for the anti-Japanese movement, but also fostered by local youth through the Jocheon reading hall. The Jocheon Man-sei Movement began when Kim Jang-hwan, a native of Jocheon-ri and a student of Hwimun High School, returned home with the Declaration of Independence and told his uncle Kim Si-beom and his uncle Kim Si-eun about the trends of Seoul and the 3·1 Revolution. The role of Kim Jang-hwan’s father, Kim Si-hak, is drawing keen attention amid the lack of an organic communication system with the central government. In 1917, Kim Si-hak predicted the victory of Germany, Japan’s enemy, in World War I, and organized a movement to unite the three major religious sects of Cheondogyo, Christian Confucian scholars, and social and old bureaucracies to petition the German leadership for independence. In this process, it seems that the national representatives who led the March 1st Revolution in 1919 were directly or indirectly contacted and supported behind the scenes, and then laid the foundation for the March 1st Revolution. Considering Kim Si-hak’s track record of independence movement, it is highly probable that he wanted to stage a rally in Jeju. The Jocheon Man-sei Movement as a whole was a moderate peaceful demonstration. The people who participated in the Manse Movement were originally members of the Confucian class, mostly engaged in agriculture and commerce, especially due to the Japanese colonial rule and the pressure of the colonial landlord system. Merchants were able to not only enjoy the popularity of the Manse Movement but also participated in the protest movement. The protests, which were peacefully holding the national flag and shouting “Man-sei(Hurrah),” were gradually heating up because the police’s strong response to the first movement resulted in the gradual increase of the injured and the arrested. With the rising enthusiasm for the independence movement, protests demanding the release of the detainee seemed to be moving in a somewhat combative direction, but failed to develop into a combative movement overall. This was achieved in the close relationship between the “Jocheon Yi Dong-pa Kim” clan and its clan, which is said to be the new godfather group. Those who participated in the Jocheon Man-sei Movement mainly belong to the general farmers, workers and merchants rather than the intellectuals, and they either wanted to become independent or otherwise actively participated in the protests. As most of the key leaders who led the movement led by Confucian scholars were arrested in the early stages of the movement, the vulnerability of the central forces to lead the movement was revealed, which led to the loss of direction and power of the movement. However, despite its limited local nature in the Jocheon area, it has had a significant impact on the spread of anti-Japanese movements in Jeju Island since the 1920s. The anti-Japanese movement became a watershed for all anti-Japanese movements that took place afterwards, as it influenced the promotion of anti-Japanese consciousness and student movements centered on educational institutions, the organization of various social organizations, and the nationalistic and socialistic movements.